Parts of a dictionary
In general, how many main parts may any contemporying conventional dictionary include? And they are . . .
1) introduction or foreword;
2) the guide to dictionary usage;
3) key to transcription system;
4) a list of abbreviations and their explanations;
5) the main list of words – the dictionary itself;
6) supplementary material, e.g. proper names, geographical names, tables of measures
What is dedication in a dictionary?
Dedication is meant for whom the dictionary is prepared. It must be explained explicitly in the foreword/introductory part often given dictionary for whom it’s designed,
What is lexicon?
Lexicon is of Greek origin, lexicos – “relating to word”. It is used to denote the system being formed by the total of all the words of a given language
Explain the types of metalanguage in lexiciography
short forms
labels
special signs
grammar codes
Explain the meaning of the word "ideographic"
The word “ideographic” is originated from Greek: “idea” – “concept”, “notion”,“grapho” I write”, the whole word means ‘I write notion”.
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Explain the social functions of dictionaries?
Social functions of dictionaries:
1) informative one reflects the shortest way that is through notations to acquire knowledge
2) communicative one gives readers the necessary words of native and foreign language
3)nominative one originating long ago is used to nominate objects
What is a headword?
The main word which is being translated or defined without any derivations or additional parts in a dictionary
What is metalanguage in lexicography?
Metalanguage is a set of typical formulas to describe a word meaning. Besides metalanguage of a dictionary may include explanations, special marks such as short forms, labels, special signs, grammar codes.
What was the lexical evidence of more development of online dictionaries?
The emergence in the 1980s and 1990s of corpus linguistics
Enumurate the parts of the dictionary entry.
1) headword;
2) description of grammar, semantic styles and functional peculiarities of a word;
3) documentary justifying and proving that no word exists in a language without examples: citations, illustrations are indicated there.
According to the object of description dictionaries are classified into . . .
According to the object of description dictionaries are classified into linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries
Explain the types of dictionary explanation
Dictionary explanation can be logical, linguistic, objective, word-building, formula.
Logical, e.g. a square is a rectangle with equal sides.
Linguistic, e.g. (through synonyms) oblique – not straight
Objective: quarter is the 4th part of the year.
Word-building formula: lioness – a female lion
What are the short forms in metalanguage?
short forms are abbreviations: sth, sb, E-east, W-west
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How many types are dictionaries divided into according to its information?
Dictionaries are divided according to its information into:
extensive – i.e. maximum units, number and coverage;
reflective – i.e. restricting the choice of units due to the name of a dictionary.
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What are the main problems which lexicographers may deal with in compiling dictionaries?
The main problems of lexicography are dealt with
- the selection of headwords,
-the arrangement and contents of the vocabulary entry
-the principles of sense definitions
-the semantic and functional classification of words.
What are the grammar codes in metalanguage?
grammar codes – such abbreviations are used to denote the analysis of a word, mainly parts of speech: a – attributive; c – countable; αdj – an adjective
What is Thesaurus?
It is of Greek origin meaning “treasure”, “treasure of words”. In Latin thesaurus – “memoria omnium rerum”. In English a thesaurus is a treasure or storehouse especially of words as a repository, “store of knowledge”
What is a dictionary entry?
In a dictionary any word or group of words is followed by an in dependent text which is called a dictionary entry. It can be continuous, unbroken or it may be split into zones of the main and additional information.
Enumerate the problems in theoritical lexicigraphy
Theoretical lexicography studies the following problems:
1) general typology developing of dictionaries and dictionaries of new types
2) development of dictionary macrostructure
3) development of dictionary microstructure.
The choice of words in a dictionary is based on . . .
The choice of words in a dictionary is based upon
- texts analyses
- colloquial speech
- patterns study
- individual experience of lexicographers
Explain the parts of labels in lexicography
labels are subdivided into:
a) words which are used mainly or only in one region or country: Am E, Br E
b) words which are used in English but they are still borrowings for they are not completely assimilated: French, Latin, Greek
c) of particular simulation usage such as: formal, informal, humorous, approving
d) of particular context: biblical, old-fashioned, old use, slang, taboo, trademark
What are the aims of thesaurus?
The aims of thesaurus are:
1) to enrich individual lexicon of a user
2) in information system and work – to unify and replace lexical units in a text by standard words and expressions in the process of codifying and indexing of documents.