Obesity/ constipation
Define obesity and state two causes of obesity.
Obesity is a medical condition where there is an excessive storage of body fat.
Causes: excessive intake of calories, sedentary lifestyle, family history
Define hypertension
Medical condition in which blood is pumped around the body at a persistently high pressure.
__________ can narrow or block the coronary arteries and __________ blood supply to the heart muscle.
1. plaque
2. reduce
What is the difference between dehydration and heat stroke?
Dehydration is the loss of body fluids where body's water output exceeds water intake.
Heat stroke is when the body fails to remove heat and regulate the body temperature.
Define osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone density and weakened bone strength.
Inadequate consumption of _____________ and _____________ may result in constipation.
dietary fibre, fluids
Describe TWO risk factors of hypertension.
Unhealthy diet, family history, stress, overweight/ obese, physical inactivity
Define diabetes and state two groups of people who has higher risk of diabetes.
Diabetes is a medical condition where a person is insulin resistant and the blood glucose level is abnormally high.
1. Family history of type 2 diabetes
2. Physically inactive
State four common symptoms of heat stroke and dehydration?
Nausea, mental confusion, vomiting, high body temperature
A diet low in vitamin C may results in anaemia. True or false?
True
Define constipation. Suggest two ways to prevent constipation.
Constipation refers to infrequent bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools.
Increase D.F intake - adding salad as a side dish, including more wholegrains, snack on fresh fruits
Increase water intake - drink water throughout the day
State three ways to prevent hypertension.
1. Reduce intake of salt
2. Reduce intake of saturated fats
3. Exercise regularly
Increase intake of wholegrains helps to reduce the risk of diabetes.
True or false? Explain your answer.
True. Increase intake of wholegrains help to regulate the release of glucose into the bloodstream, this prevent sharp increase in the blood glucose level.
Suggest two ways to prevent dehydration.
1. Consume sufficient fluids.
2. Consume sufficient fruits and vegetables with high water content.
Females are more likely to develop osteoporosis than males. True or false? Explain your answer.
Females are more likely than males to develop osteoporosis as they generally have smaller, thinner bones than males.
Explain why an increase intake of dietary fibre helps to prevent obesity.
Increased intake of dietary fibre is able to provide a feeling of satiety which can help to delay hunger and prevent overeating.
Does high intake of saturated fats increases the risk of hypertension? Explain your answer.
Yes. High consumption of saturated fats can result in hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels which causes heart to pump blood around the body at a higher pressure.
Name three lifestyle or dietary modifications that can help lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
1. Increase the intake of wholegrains
2. Reduce the intake of sugar and saturated fat
3. Exercise regularly
State three ways to prevent heat stroke.
1. Drink enough water.
2. Rest in cool and airy places.
3. Wear lightweight clothing in hot and humid weather.
State two ways to prevent osteoporosis.
1. Consume food high in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D.
2. Sufficient exposure to sunlight helps the body to produce vitamin D that is needed for bone formation.
A teenager eats large portions of fast food and drinks sugary drinks daily. He doesn’t gain much weight now because he is very active. Explain why he is still at risk of obesity in the future.
He is at risk because if his activity level decreases, the excess energy intake will be stored as fat, leading to obesity.
Suggest three ways to prepare healthier meals to prevent hypertension.
1. Reduce consumption of gravy
2. Serve the sauces on the side of the main dish
3. Reduce the use of broths
4. Substitute seasonings with herbs and spices
A person’s blood test shows high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol. What does this combination suggest about their risk of coronary heart disease?
It suggests a higher risk because LDL contributes to fatty deposits in arteries, while low HDL means less “good cholesterol” to remove it.
State two groups of people who are more at risk of experiencing dehydration. Explain why.
1. Elderly - less sensitive to sensation of thirst, kidney less capable of conserving water
2. Sickness (fever, vomiting, diarrhea) - excessive fluid loss from body
State two groups of people who are more at risk of aneamia. Explain your answer.
1. Women - lose blood during menstruation
2. Pregnant women - higher iron requirement to produce more haemoglobin for the foetus