Energy Expenditure Basics
This is the relationship between energy intake (in) and energy expenditure (out).
What is energy balance?
This is the equation for calculating RER.
What is VCO2/VO2?
This is the period at exercise onset when oxygen delivery does not meet demand.
What is oxygen deficit?
This is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
What is gluconeogenesis?
This is the energy expenditure from non-structured movement.
What is NEAT?
This is the amount of energy (calories) the body uses to digest, absorb, transport, and store the food consumed. It makes up rougly 10% of TEE.
What is the thermic effect of food or DIT?
This is the information we get from RER.
What is the fuel source (carb or fat) that is being relied on?
This component has the largest influence on EPOC.
What is exercise intensity?
This is how gluconeogenesis is identified based on RER.
What is below 0.7?
This fuel source has the greatest thermic effect.
What is protein?
This is the largest component of TEE.
What is BMR/RMR?
This is the reason RER can exceed 1.0.
What is hyperventilation? (More CO2 out than O2 in)
Between EPOC and oxygen deficit, this process lasts longer.
What is EPOC?
This is what happens during the Cori Cycle.
What is lactate from the blood taken to the liver, and new glucose is made from it?
This is the intensity at which fat oxidation is the highest.
What is moderate intensity?
These are the 4 major components of 24-hour energy expenditure.
What are BMR/RMR, Physical Activity, Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)/DIT, NEAT?
This is the fuel source the body is relying on when VO2 is 2.75, and the VCO2 is 2.80.
What are carbohydrates? (RER=1.02)
This is the process during EPOC in which energy stores are replinished.
What is metabolic recovery?
These are the molecules created from the metabolism of amino acids.
What are pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA glucose (via gluconeogenesis), and ATP?
This is the protein in brown adipose tissue that generates heat.
What is UCP-1?
This is the difference between BMR and RMR testing.
What is BMR testing requires a 24-hour fast and no exercise?
If a person consumes 3.0 L O₂/min for 20 minutes, how many kcal are burned?
What is 300 kcal? (3 L/min x 5 kcal/L = 15 kcal x 20 min = 300 kcal total.)
This is the approximate RER at the onset of EPOC.
What is below 0.7?
Explain "fats burn in the carbohydrate flame".
What is oxaloacetate from carbohydrates is required for acetyl-CoA from fats to enter the Krebs cycle?
If two individuals weigh the same but one has significantly more muscle mass, who has the higher metabolic rate and why?