Fractures
What is a stress fracture?
Repetitive forces transmitted through bones produce irritations of the periosteum and fatigue fractures of the underlying bone
Tendons connect what?
Muscle to bone
What is another word for an acute injury?
Traumatic Injury
What is the "common" way to say "contusion?"
A bruise
What is "opathy"
Unknown Pathology
What are the two biggest concerns with an open compound fracture?
Circulation issues (i.e. bleeding) and infection
Ligaments connect what?
Bone to bone
When does an acute injury become chronic?
After 6 weeks
Caused by an impact from some external object that causes soft tissues to be compressed against the hard bone underneath
Definition of Contusion
What is "osis"
Chronic degeneration without inflammation
What happens with more energy resulting in a fracture?
The more complex the fracture and healing time
What is the difference between a grade 1 and grade 3 ankle sprain?
Grade 1: Some stretching and separation of the ligamentous fibers, with minimal instability. Mild to moderate pain, localized swelling and joint stiffness
Grade 3: There is total tearing of the ligament, which leads to instability of the joint. A grade 3 sprain can result in a subluxation or even dislocations. Initially, severe pain may be present, followed by little or no pain as a result of total disruption of nerve fibers. Swelling maybe present, and the joint tends to become very stiff. A grade 3 may require surgical repair
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
Pain, Warmth, Swelling, Loss of Function, Redness
What is a subluxation?
A bone is forced out of alignment but goes back into place
What is "itis"
Inflammation
Consists of three or more fragments at the fracture site
Comminuted Fracture
What is tendonosis?
Refers to a chronic tendon injury, due to overuse without inflammation
What is crepitus?
Cracking sound or feeling
What does it mean when you read the phrase: "once a dislocation, always a dislocation?"
Connective tissues that bind and hold it in its correct alignment are stretched to such an extent that the joint is extremely vulnerable for re-injury
What is an "osteoblast"
Cells that provide bone growth
What is a transverse fracture?
Occur in a straight line, more or less at right angles. Usually caused by a direct outside blow
How can you tell the difference between a strain and sprain?
May be able to differentiate between a sprain and a strain by having the athlete actively contract the injured muscle. If there is pain with active contraction but not with passive movement, this could indicate a strain
What is an area of tenderness in a tight band of muscle?
Trigger Point
A bone is forced out of alignment and stays out until surgically or manually replaced or reduced
A dislocation
What is an "osteoclast"
Cells that absorb and remove bone tissue and their main function is to reshape the bone in response to normally applied stresses and strains