Types of Dysarthria
List the types of Dysarthria
Flaccid, spastic, ataxic, Unilateral upper motor neuron,
hypokinetic (dystonia), hyperkinetic (choreoathetosis), and mixed
Symptoms caused by dysfunction to the basal ganglia or basal ganglia's neural connections is what type of dysarthria?
Hypokinetic dysarthria
If a client is presenting with hoarse-breathy phonation, speaking at a slower rate than typical speech, and their speech appears to be imprecise- these characteristics are displaying signs of?
Flaccid Dysarthria
Describe Tics
compulsive movements of small muscle groups of the face
Respiratory paralysis can result from injuries above?
Above C3
What causes Flaccid Dysarthia?
Caused by impairments of lower motor neurons in cranial or spinal nerves (damage to PNS)
What is hyperkinetic dysarthria?
Perceptually distinguishable group of motor speech disorders manifested in any or all levels of speech
If you observe a client becomes fatigued while speaking, their speech is slow/effortful, and nasal speech- these characteristics are associated with?
Spastic dysarthria
What is the difference between a resting and intention tremor?
A resting tremor occurs while the limbs are at rest
Intention tremors are rhythmic, repetitive movements that occur during volitional movements
What is the cerebellar function?
Active during covert and overt speaking
Coordinates and refines preliminary speech movements by positions of the articulators
What are the characteristics of spastic dysarthria? Describe the characteristics once named!
Articulation- imprecise consonants, vowel distortions
Phonation- harsh vocal quality, strained- strangled vocal quality, low pitch
Resonance- hypernasality
Prosody- monopitch, monoloudness, short phrases, slow rate of speech
Respiratory- abnormal movement due to uncoordinated breathing
What is the major cause of hypokinetic dysarthria?
Describe this cause
Parkinsonism- reduction of dopamine caused by too much acetylcholine
In severe cases of ataxic dysarthria, a client may
their speech may speed up abruptly then unexpectedly slow down
Involuntary contractions of muscle fiber groups that can be seen through the skin
Fasciculations
Hyperkinetic movement disorder distinguished by involuntary and brief contractions of part, whole, or group muscles in the same area?
Myoclonus
What may cause UUMN Dysarthria?
What is the most frequent cause?
-Any condition that damages upper motor neurons on one side of the brain after damage to either the left or right hemisphere
Pathologies-causing focal lesions are the most cause
Vascular stroke- most frequent cause, especially strokes in the frontal lobe
Mixed dysarthria is caused by various disorders such as?
Degenerative diseases, vascular disorders, demyelinating disease, toxic- metabolic conditions, trauma, neoplasm, and infectious and autoimmune diseases
Weakness in the lower face, lips, and tongue on the opposite side of the lesion are characteristics of
UUMN dysarthria
Describe hemiballism
Sudden, spreading, throwing movements of the extremities on one side
What is Wilson's disease? What are the speech characteristics of Wilson's disease?
- a rare inherited disorder that causes excess copper in the brain, liver, and other vital organs
- Speech characteristics include: dysarthria is significant, slowed rates of syllable production, mixed dysarthria- ataxic, spastic, and hypokinetic features
A client appears to experience difficulty controlling timing/force for speech, you have observed their movements are poorly coordinated, and the client has slurred, monotonous articulation. What type of Dysarthria may this be?
Ataxic Dysarthria
When creating evaluating tasks for hyperkinetic dysarthria, what tasks would you include?
Vowel prolongation, alternate motion rates (AMRs), conversational speech and reading, careful observation of associated involuntary movements
What are some nonspeech oral mechanisms associated with dysarthria?
Masked expression, reduced blink frequency, reduced abdominal and chest movements, drooling, tremor of the jaw and lips at rest od during movement
True or False
Dystonia involves rapid, involuntary, purposefulness movements of the extremities, head, neck, and truck
False
That is Chorea.
Dystonia- slow hyperkinesis in which individual muscles or muscle groups exhibit involuntary toxic contractions
How does myasthenia gravis affect speech?
a client diagnosed with myasthenia gravis may prolong speaking resulting in fatigue which leads to a progressive deterioation of speech, impaired phonation, veloppharngeal dysfunction, and lingual weakness