Digestive System 1
Describe what the digestive system does.
The digestive system takes food that is consumed and prepares the food by breaking it down into nutrients that can be used by cells.
What is digestion?
Digestion is when food is broken down into nutrients that cells can absorb.
What is the respiratory system's two jobs?
The respiratory system obtains oxygen for cells and releases waste products from the body.
The trachea divides into what part of the body?
The trachea divides into two bronchi.
What four systems are involved in nutrition?
Digestive, respiratory, circulatory and excretory systems.
What part of the digestive system stores and breaks down food mechanically and chemically and kills bacteria?
The stomach.
What is bile and where is it created?
Bile is a fluid that helps the digestion process. It is produced by the liver.
100 POINT BONUS: Where is bile stored?
Where does gas exchange take place?
Gas exchange takes place in the bronchioles.
100 POINT BONUS QUESTION: At the end of bronchioles there are tiny sacs called _______.
What part of the respiratory system is a muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax and helps with breathing?
The diaphragm
What are the two main functions of the systems that are involved in nutrition?
They provide cells with nutrients, so vital tasks can be performed.
They eliminate waste substances and CO2.
What is saliva's role in the digestive system?
Saliva is created when food enters the mouth. It mixes with food particles and helps us swallow. It begins the digestive process and destroys some bacteria.
What three parts of the mouth aid in digestion? AND describe what each part does.
The teeth: break down food.
The tongue: crushes food, and helps move the food.
Saliva glands: mixes with food, helps with swallowing
What are the ducts (tubes) called that are responsible for cleaning, humidifying, and heating the air?
Nostrils, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea
What are the different parts of the lungs?
Bronchi, bronchioles, pulmonary alveoli, and blood capillaries.
What does the excretory system do?
It removes waste products from the body that are created by the metabolic process.
How is the food bolus moved through the oesophagus?
The oesophagus moves the bolus down to the stomach by contracting its muscles. (peristaltic movements).
The valve known as the cardia separates the stomach and the oesophagus. What is its function?
The cardia stops reflux from happening.
What are the two stages of pulmonary ventilation? Describe them.
Inhalation: diaphragm contracts, lungs become enlarged.
Exhalation: when lungs return to their normal size
What are the characteristics of lungs?
Lungs are elastic. They are formed into lobes. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two.
What does the circulatory system do?
It transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removes waste products and carbon dioxide.
Describe how these words are related:
Food, Chyme, Chyle, Bolus
Food mixed with saliva creates the bolus.
Bolus mixed with gastric juices creates chyme.
Chyme mixed with pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice created chyle.
Describe what the small intestine does in the digestive process.
The small intestine carries out most of the digestive process, absorbing almost all of the nutrients you get from foods into your bloodstream. The walls of the small intestine make digestive juices or enzymes.
The pharynx is part of what two systems?
Describe what it does for each system.
Respiratory and digestive systems.
From the pharynx, food continues to the oesophagus, but the air goes into the larynx.
Describe what happens during gas exchange.
During gas exchange oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream. At the same time, carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs.
Name the 6 parts of the digestive system.
The mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine