Anatomy Dump
What nerve deals with sensory innervation in oral cavity? Motor Innervation?
Sensory-> Trigeminal N (CN V)
Motor -> Facial N.
What is the clinical significance of Furcation of the tooth?
periodontal disease
Which gland produces 2/3 of all saliva?
Mandibular Salivary Gland
Which dog breeds do we see CUPS in commonly?
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel & Maltese
What electrolytes does saliva contain?
Hint: there are 7
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate
(Also iodine but was listed separately in ppt)
Name 2 drugs and assoc animal, that are given for pain relief and is administered sublingual/buccal?
Buprenorphine - cats
Detomidine (horses & calves)
Which species does not have upper incisors?
Ruminants
Which animal’s saliva contains draculin (anticoagulant) & an anesthetic?
Vampire bats
Which teeth disorder is abnormal in most but “normal” in brachycephalic breeds? What are the types of said disorder?
Hint: development disorder
Malocclusions
Prognathia -> protrusion of mandible
Bachygnahia -> short mandible, protrusion of maxilla
What nerve stimulates/“warms up” the stomach?
CN X -> ie. vagal n
What are the major prehensile organ in cows? Horses? What is the function of these organs?
Ruminants -> tongue
Horses -> lips
Brings food into mouth
What nerves are affected by upper nerve block? Lower nerve block?
Upper-> Infraorbital n. (Caudal, middle, & rostral)
Lower-> inferior alveolar n.
*both start at Trigeminal n.*
What are the main cell types that compose salivary glands?
Serous cells, Mucous cells
Which salivary, inflammatory disorder is rare in vet med but seen in rabies or canine distemper patients? Also causes strangles in horses.
Sialoadentitis
What are the roles of oral microorganisms ( ie oral microbiome)?
Maintaining oral health-> resist colonization by pathogens/ maintain oral pH
Immune modulation -> enhance ability to combat pathogens
Seed Population for ruminant biome
Which papillae is only in young suckling animals?
Marginal papillae
At what stage of life do you expect to see Galvayne’s Groove start forming in horses?
10 years
What nerves are primarily involved inn autonomic innervation of salivary glands?
CN VII (mandibular & sublingual) & CN IX (parotid)
Which gram-negative bacillus are considered an opportunistic invader and can cause “wooden tongue” in cattle? What can it cause in horses?
Actinobacillus lignieresii
-> granulomatous glossitis
Explain the difference between ulcerative vs. erosive stomatitis.
Erosive -> partial thickness loss of epidermis
Ulcerative -> full thickness loss of epidermis & basement membrane & usually a portion of dermis w/ depression
Which muscle in the tongue depresses & protrudes the tongue out?
genioglossus m.
Which muscle is larger in carnivores regarding mastication? Herbivores? Why does this make sense?
Carinvores-> Temporalis m.
Herbivores -> Masseter m. *most important for mastication*
Carnivores have minimal chewing, adapted for slicing whereas herbivores chew longer and normally grind food.
Which gland overlays the guttural pouch in horses and needs surgical consideration?
Parotid gland
What is the evolution from healthy teeth to periodontitis?
1) healthy tooth w/ no inflammation & small gingival crevice
2) change in oral microbiota -> increased bacteria biofilm deposition in crevice -> mod. Gingivitis
3) w/ chronicity periodontitis established -> formation of periodontal pockets w/ extensive tissue destruction including bone
What salivary gland disorder is rare in domestic animals and secondary to sialoadenitis? Forms a nidus mineral accretion.
Sialoliths