Macromolecules
Name the 6 nutrients needed by our bodies:
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water
Name, in order, the 4 stages of food processing
1. ingestion 2. digestion 3. absorption 4. elimination
Name the sequence of organs through which food flows during food processing: (7 organs)
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Name three main organs of the excretory system: _?--Which of these is the major organ of the excretory system?
Kidney, skin, lungs; kidney
When blood first enters the nephrons, it is __?__ in the glomerulus. During this stage, both "good" and "bad" substances are forced out of the blood. The combination of these substances is called _?_
filtered; filtrate
Polysaccharides (carbohydrates) like starch are made of monomers called __?__. The main function of carbohydrates is: _?__
monosaccharides (simple sugars); energy for cellular work
Where does the digestion of each of the following nutrients BEGIN? a) carbohydrates b) proteins c) fats
a) mouth b) stomach c) small intestine
What, specifically, occurs in the mouth?
ingestion, chemical digestion of carbs, mechanical digestion (chewing)
**Had to say at least one of these**
_?_ is a word meaning, "relating to the kidney". The _?_ delivers blood to the kidney from the heart while the _?_ brings clean blood back to the heart
renal; renal arteries; renal veins
Proteins are polymers made up of monomers called __?__. The main function of these monomers is: _?_
amino acids; build and repair tissues
Where does digestion of each of the following END? a) carbohydrates b) proteins c) fats
small intestine for all
What, specifically, happens in the stomach?
2 things***
Mechanical digestion (churning of food into chyme); chemical digestion of proteins
The individual filtering unit of the kidney is called a _?_; there are millions of these in each kidney. The three stages of blood processing occur here. They are:
nephrons; filtration, reabsorption, excretion/secretion
Fats are polymers made of monomers called _?_; The main functions of these monomers are: _?_
fatty acids and glycerols; cell membranes and long-term energy, hormones
Where does absorption of proteins, fats, simple sugars, vitamins and minerals occur? What structures allow this process to occur?
Small intestine; villi and microvilli
What type of substances are each of the following: pepsin, trypsin, maltase, lipase, lactase, sucrase?
enzymes
In the nephron, wastes are collected in the _?_. These tubes join into a larger tube called a _?_ which leads to the _?_ where urine is stored. Urine flows through the _?_ to the outside of the body
collecting duct(renal tubules); ureters; bladder; urethra
The nephrons work through a two-step process: the ___________filters your blood, and the ________ ________ returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes.
glomerulus, renal tubule
The nutrient that is most important to our bodies is _?_ because it is involved in every hydrolysis reaction. It also helps flush toxins from our bodies. Is this nutrient organic or inorganic.
Water; inorganic
In what structure does absorption of water occur? What stage of food processing also occurs here?
large intestine; elimination
A __?__ is a ball of food and saliva that is swallowed. _?__ is the liquid food and digestive juices in the stomach. It has a very low pH so the _?_ secretes sodium bicarbonate into the small intestine to neutralize it. ***In order to get the whole 500, needs to say all 3. 100 pts ONLY per blank if all 3 arent said**
bolus; chyme; pancreas
Digestion of proteins produces a toxic substance called _?_; this substance is turned into a less toxic substance called _?_ in the liver. This substance leaves the body through a process known as _?_
500 for all, 100 points CAN be used per blank if your pair decides to do halfzies.
ammonia; urea; excretion
Kidneys help maintain homeostasis by regulating water and salt balance in the blood. The _?_ detects solute concentration. If the solute concentration is too low, less _?_ hormone is released. This tells the kidneys to reabsorb less_?_ making the urine less concentrated.
hypothalumus; antidiuretic; water