Animal nutrition
what type of nutrient serves as the main energy source for animals
carbohydrates
where does chemical digestion of starch begin
mouth (salivary amylase)
what is the primary role of the large intestines
absorb water and ions
what two systems coordinate homeostasis in animals
nervous and endocrine
what is the resting membrane potential of a neuron
-70 mV
what nutrient is a major component of plasma membrane
lipids
what enzyme in the stomach breaks down proteins
pepsin
what hormone stimulates hydrochloric acid release in the stomach
gastrin
what are the three functions of the nervous system
sensory, integrative, motor
What causes depolarization
influx of sodium ions
vitamins and minerals
which structure connects the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
what process moves food through the digestive tract
peristalsis
what are the two main divisions of the nervous system
CNS and PNS
what phase restores the resting potential
repolarization
what type of animals rely on bacteria to digest cellulose
herbivores/ ruminants
what valve connects the small and large intestines
what are segmentation contractions and where do they occur
localized contractions in small intestine that mix chyme and aid absorpotion
what type of neuron carries signals from PNS to CNS
sensory neuron
what part of the brain regulates posture and coordination
cerebellum
name the 4 major phases of food processing in animals
ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion
what organ produces bile
which hormone stimulates the pancreas and gallbladder
cholecytokinin (CKC)
what type of glial cell produces myeline in the CNS
What is alzheimers primary effect
mental decline