Basic Concepts & Functions
This is the movement of digesta through the system via muscular contractions
What is motility?
This is the “tube” where digestion and absorption occur
What is the alimentary canal (GI tract)?
Mechanical digestion in the mouth is called
What is mastication?
This activates gastric digestion by stretching the stomach
What is the presence of feed (distension)?
This is the first part of the small intestine where digestion occurs significantly
What is the duodenum?
This function involves releasing enzymes and hormones for digestion
What is secretion?
These organs assist digestion but are not part of the GI tube
What are accessory digestive organs?
This enzyme in saliva digests carbohydrates
What is salivary amylase?
This acid lowers pH and denatures proteins
What is HCl?
These substances emulsify fats into smaller droplets
What are bile salts?
This process breaks macromolecules into smaller units like amino acids and monosaccharides
What is digestion?
Name one accessory organ
What is the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, or salivary glands?
This substance helps keep food in solution and aids swallowing
What is mucus?
This inactive enzyme is converted to pepsin
What is pepsinogen?
This hormone causes the gallbladder to contract
What is CCK (cholecystokinin)?
Movement of micromolecules across the intestinal wall into the body
What is absorption?
This system includes humans, pigs, chickens, dogs, and cats
What are monogastrics?
These components help combat microbial growth in the mouth
What are lysozyme and immunoglobulin A?
These cells produce HCl and intrinsic factor
What are parietal cells?
Finger-like projections that increase absorption surface area
What are villi?
This function removes undigested and unabsorbed material
What is excretion?
This system has fermentation at the beginning and eats high forage
What are ruminants?
This structure moves feed from side to side in the mouth
What is the tongue?
This hormone is released by G-cells to regulate stomach activity
What is gastrin?
This is the goal of absorption
What is moving nutrients across the mucosa into the blood?