Upper GI Tract
The rhythmic smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus and other parts of the digestive tract
What is peristalsis?
What are the 1) duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and 2) the ascending, transverse, and descending colon?
The 4 biomolecules
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
The organs that 1) make and 2) store bile
What are the 1) liver and 2) gallbladder?
Hormone released by the G cells of the stomach which stimulates HCl production and gastric motility
What is gastrin?
The sphincters that guard the border 1) between the stomach and esophagus and 2) between the stomach and small intestine
What are the 1) cardiac and 2) pyloric sphincters?
3 of the 4 major types of enzymes that digest nutrients in the small intestine
What are trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and pancreatic amylase?
The scientific definition of a food calorie
What is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius?
The number of 1) deciduous teeth and 2) adult teeth
What are 1) 20 and 2) 32?
Peptide hormone produced by the S cells of the duodenum which stimulates bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
What is secretin?
The cells that secrete 1) pepsinogen and 2) HCl
What are 1) chief cells and 2) parietal cells?
The function of bile
What is the enhancement of lipid digestion through the emulsification of fats?
3 of the 7 minerals required in the body in large amounts
What are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, or sulfur?
The major site of glycogen storage, detoxification, and biomolecule synthesis in the body
What is the liver?
'Hunger hormone,' produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite
What is ghrelin?
The 4 layers of the digestive tract
What are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and the serosa?
What are assistance with digestion, production of Vitamin K and certain B vitamins, and protection against the growth of harmful bacteria?
The 4 fat-soluble vitamins
3 types of salivary glands
What are the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular salivary glands?
The 2 main functions of cholecystokinin
What are stimulating the release of 1) bile and 2) digestive enzymes into the small intestine?
Material found directly beneath the enamel of teeth
What is dentin?
Pouch of the ascending colon to which the appendix is attached
What is the cecum?
What is glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains?
The cell type in the pancreas responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes
What are pancreatic acinar cells?
The cells that secrete 1) insulin and 2) glucagon and 3) their location in the pancreas.
What are 1) beta cells and 2) alpha cells, located in 3) the islets of Langerhans.