Medical Terminology
What does the combining form gastr/o refer to?
The stomach
Where does digestion begin?
oral cavity
What are the four major functions of the digestive system in the correct order?
Ingestion → digestion → absorption → elimination
What is the medical term for yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes?
Jaundice
What would a Colonoscopy allow a surgeon to do?
Visually examine the colon
In the term gastr/itis, what does -itis mean?
Inflammation
What is the medical term for the throat?
Pharynx
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
absorption
What does cholelithiasis mean?
Gallstones
Which procedure involves removing fluid from the abdominal cavity?
absominocentesis (paracentesis)
Break down hepat/o/megaly using medical terminology rules.
Enlargement of the liver
What is the medical term for the voice box?
Larynx
What fingerlike structures increase the surface area of the small intestine to help absorb nutrients?
Villi
The feeling of the need to vomit
Nausea
A student says, “A colonoscopy would be used to examine the stomach.” Is that correct? Explain why or why not.
No. A colonoscopy is used to visually examine the colon, not the stomach.
Dissect the term ileostomy. What is the meaning?
new opening ileum (small intestine)
The ascending colon connects to which sections of the large intestine?
cecum and transverse colon
What structures are ring-like muscles that control the movement of substances into and out of certain areas of the digestive tract?
Sphincters
A patient has RUQ pain, vomiting, and a low-grade fever. Their pain becomes worse after eating a high-fat meal. Which organ should be considered?
Gallbladder (gallstones)
Medical term meaning chewing
Mastication
A patient has dys/phag/ia. Based on the word parts, what problem would you expect?
Difficulty swallowing
Put these sections of the large intestine in the correct order:
Ascending colon → ______ → ______
Transverse colon → descending colon → sigmoid colon
This organ is located behind the liver and stores bile until the body needs it. What is it?
Gallbladder
What is ascites?
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
Medical Term meanining swallowing
deglutition