Diplomatic terms
What is an ambassador?
A high-ranking diplomat who represents their country in another nation
What is soft power vs hard power?
Soft power: influence through culture, values, and diplomacy.
Hard power: influence through military or economic coercion.
What is a plenary session?
A meeting attended by all members of a group, often used in international summits and assemblies.
What is arbitration?
A method of resolving disputes where an impartial third party makes a binding decision.
What is diplomatic protocol?
A set of formal rules and customs governing official diplomatic interactions and ceremonies.
What is a non-paper?
A non-paper is an informal diplomatic document that expresses a government's position without formal commitment or signature.
What is public diplomacy?
Efforts by a government to influence foreign public opinion through cultural programs, media, or education.
What is a working group?
A smaller group assigned to focus on specific topics or tasks within a larger conference or organization.
What is BATNA?
Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement – the most advantageous alternative if negotiations fail.
Proper address for a head of state?
“Your Excellency” or "Mr./Madam President/Prime Minister" depending on their title.
Define “bilateral relations”
Diplomatic relations between two countries involving mutual agreements and cooperation.
Define “track two diplomacy”
Informal, non-official dialogue between non-state actors or academics aimed at conflict resolution.
What happens in closed-door meetings?
Private discussions where sensitive or confidential matters are negotiated without public or media access.
Mediation vs facilitation:
Mediation involves a third party proposing solutions; facilitation supports communication without giving solutions.
What is a diplomatic gift-giving rule?
Avoid culturally offensive items; gifts should be symbolic, respectful, and of modest value.
What is a consulate?
A diplomatic office that assists citizens abroad and handles visas, typically in major cities outside the capital.
Define shuttle diplomacy
Negotiation conducted by a mediator who travels between conflicting parties who do not communicate directly.
What is the role of the secretariat?
The administrative body responsible for organizing meetings, maintaining records, and supporting diplomatic processes.
Explain a mediator’s role in negotiation
A neutral person who facilitates communication, promotes understanding, and helps parties reach agreement.
What to avoid in cross-cultural communication?
Avoid assumptions, stereotypes, slang, or gestures that may be offensive in other cultures.
Define “summit” in diplomacy
A high-level meeting between heads of state or government to discuss important issues or agreements.
Example of economic diplomacy
Trade negotiations, investment agreements, or sanctions to promote national economic interests.
Difference between panel & task force
A panel is for discussion or advice; a task force is formed to complete specific objectives or actions.
Give 2 reasons diplomatic conflicts arise
1) Cultural misunderstandings
2) Competing national interests or violations of agreements
How seating arrangements affect diplomatic talks?
They reflect hierarchy and respect; poor arrangements can offend or disrupt negotiations.