BODY PLANES & TERMS
This plane divides the body into front and back portions
What is the coronal (frontal) plane?
This shoulder movement rotates the arm outward
What is external rotation?
Movement of the scapula toward the spine
What is retraction (or adduction)?
This term describes moving a body part away from the midline of the body
What is abduction?
The ankle movement that points the toes downward
What is planter flexion?
The term for movement toward the midline of the body
What is medial?
The anterior surface of the hand is also called this
What is palmar (or volar)?
The upward and downward movements of the shoulder blade
What is elevation and depression?
The thumb movement that allows it to touch each fingertip
What is opposition?
When the pelvis rotates forward, this type of tilt occurs
What is anterior tilt?
These two directional terms mean toward the head and toward the feet
What are superior (cephalad) and inferior (caudad)?
These two movements of the digits spread the fingers apart and bring them together
What are abduction and adduction?
This spinal movement occurs when bending sideways
What is lateral flexion (or lateral bending)?
The mandibular movements that open and close the jaw
What are depression and elevation?
The combined foot movement involving inversion, plantar flexion, and adduction
What is supination?
This plane divides the body into upper and lower portions
What is the transverse plane?
The movement at the radioulnar joint that turns the palm downward
What is pronation?
The term for moving the scapula away from the spine
What is protraction (or abduction)?
These two wrist movements bend the palm toward and away from the forearm
What are flexion and extension?
This knee position, present in some individuals, occurs when extended beyond neutral
What is hyperextension?
Terms meaning closer to and farther from the point of attachment
What are proximal and distal?
The maximum degree of shoulder abduction before scapular rotation must occur
What is 90 degrees?
The two scapular movements when reaching for your back pocket
Name the two movements that occur at the shoulder when reaching to scratch your back
What are extension and internal rotation?
The movement at the hip when doing jumping jacks
What is abduction & adduction