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Reading and Spoken Language
Understanding Reading Disability
Helping Struggling Readers
Evidence-Based Effective Reading Instruction
Neuroscience and Reading Research agree
100
Built into our genes and hardwired into our brains
What does science say about Spoken Language?
100
A reading disabilty characterized by an unexpected difficulty in reading in children and adults who otherwise posess the intelligence, motivation and education necessary for developing fluent reading.
What is dyslexia?
100
These readers do not develop the critical left side word form region necessary for rapid automatic reading
What is a struggling reader?
100
The us congress mandate the national reading panel to develop rigorus scientific criteria for evaluating reading research, apply these criteria to existing reading research identify the most effective teaching methods, and then make findings accessible for parents and teachers.
What happened in 1998?
100
Is there scientifci evidence that the program is effective?
What is the first question that educators should ask in considering a reading program?
200
This requires us to take advantge of what nature has provided.
What is a Biological Module for Language?
200
Dislexia runs in families: one fourth to one half of all children who have a parent with dislexia also have the disorder and if dislexia effects one child in the family it is likely to effect one half of his or her syblings.
How does Dyslexia affect families?
200
Calling on the alternate secondary pathways of the brain
What is a strategy used by struggling readers?
200
2000 after two years of research
When was the report released?
200
Was the origram or its methodology reviewed by the national reading panel?
What is the second question that educators must ask when considering a reading program?
300
When a reader converts the prints on the page into a liguistic code
What is The Phonetic Code?
300
The more disruptive behavior of boys results in their being reffered for evaluation more often, whereas girls who struggle to read are more likely to sit quietly in their seats and thus be over looked. Research shows the dyslexia affects boys and girls equally.
Does dyslexia affect boys or girls more?
300
Brings about significant and durable changes in brain organization so that struggling reader's brain activation patters come to resemble those of typical readers.
What is an invasive evidence based reading intervention plan?
300
Children must be taught alphabetics, comprising phonemic awareness and phonics; reading fluency;vocabulary;and strategies for reading comprehension.
What were the major findings of the report?
300
In reading instruction are reading awareness and phonics taught systematically and explicitly?
What is the third question that educators must ask when considering a reading program?
400
They must discover that the words they hear come apart to smaller pieces.
What is developing phonemic awareness?
400
Dyslexia is a persisitent, chronic condition rather than a transisent "developmental lag." Children do not out grow reading difficulties.
Do children outgrow dyslexia?
400
Must be taught systematically in order to read
What is alphabetics,phonemic awareness, phonics, reading fluency, vocabulary and strategies for reading comprehension?
400
They must be taught systematically, comprehensively, and explicitly.
How must the major findings be taught?
400
How are the students taught to approach a unfamiliar word. Do they feel empowered to try to analyze and sound out a unknown word first rather than guess the word from a picture or context?
What is the fourth question that educators must ask when considering a reading program?
500
Reading reflects language and reading disability reflects a deficit within the language system.
What is the overall consensus of scientific evidence?
500
After the child has read the word "back" correctly over and over again, his brain has built and reinforced an exact model of the word. He now reads that word fluently-accurately, rapidly and effortlessly.
How can practice and repetition enhance fluency?
500
This is how to teach reading fluency
What is repeated oral reading with feedback and guidance?
500
Decodable booklets.
What types of books enable the repeated practce necessary to build the automatic systems in the word form region that lead to fluent reading.
500
Does the program also include plenty of opportunities for the student to practice reading, develop fluency, build vocabulary, devlop reading comprehension strategies, write and listen to and discuss stories?
What is the fifth question that educators must ask when considering a reading program?