MCI
Name two examples of events that can be considered a Mass Casualty Incident.
Examples include motor vehicle collisions, large structure fires, natural disasters, collapsed buildings, carbon monoxide poisoning, or radioactive spills.
What is the main goal of International Humanitarian Law (IHL)?
To protect people affected by armed conflicts and limit the means and methods of warfare.
Who is responsible for coordinating disaster response at the national level?
A. United Nations
B. National Government
C. NGOs
D. Red Cross
National Government
Who does IHL protect?
People who are not or no longer participating in hostilities, such as civilians and wounded fighters.
What is the main purpose of triage during a Mass Casualty Incident?
To assess patients, determine the severity of injuries, and prioritize treatment and transport.
The Red Cross symbol was first associated with which organization?
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
What does OCHA stand for?
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
What are the two main types of armed conflicts?
International armed conflicts and non-international armed conflicts.
According to the START plan, what does the presence of a radial pulse indicate about the patient’s systolic blood pressure?
It indicates a systolic blood pressure of at least 80 mmHg.
What year was the first Geneva Convention adopted?
1864
What is the main purpose of coordination during international disaster response?
To avoid waste of resources and improve efficiency
What are war crimes?
War crimes are serious violations of IHL that give rise to individual criminal responsibility. Examples of war crimes include intentionally attacking civilians or civilian objects, pillaging a town or place, and committing torture or inhuman treatment. War crimes can be committed in both international and non-international armed conflicts.
During a mass casualty incident, a patient has a major fracture of the leg but is breathing normally, conscious, and has no life-threatening injuries. According to triage priority levels, what color tag should this patient receive?
Yellow (Priority #2) – serious injury but not immediately life-threatening.
Which US president issued the Lieber Code in 1863?
Abraham Lincoln
Name two examples of a humanitarian cluster.
Food Security Cluster, Health Cluster, Shelter Cluster, or Education Cluster.
Who must follow International Humanitarian Law?
States, armed groups, and individuals involved in armed conflict.
What are the four steps of the START Plan used during a Mass Casualty Incident?
Direct walking wounded to a designated area.
Check airway and breathing.
Check circulation and radial pulse and control major bleeding.
Assess mental status.
List two modern challenges that the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols do not fully address.
Use of autonomous weapons and cyberwarfare
Violence by non-state armed actors, including sexual violence and recruitment of children
What's UNDAC and what's their aim?
The UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination is part of the international emergency response system for sudden-onset emergencies.
Aim: to provide help during the first phase of a sudden-onset emergency.
What is IHL key principles
Distinction – Parties to a conflict must always distinguish between civilians and combatants, and between civilian objects and military objectives. Attacks can only be directed at military targets.
Proportionality – Even if a target is military, an attack is prohibited if it is expected to cause excessive civilian harm compared to the military advantage gained.
Precautions – Parties must take all feasible precautions to minimize harm to civilians and civilian objects, such as warning civilians before an attack when possible.