DEFINITIONS
What type of discourse marker is used to add another idea, except addition or additionally?
also, furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more, as well as, too, likewise
The weather was terrible. Nonetheless, we decided to continue our journey.
What relationship does nonetheless express?
Contrast
There are many ways for teenagers to maintain a healthy lifestyle. They can improve their physical and mental well-being by making simple changes to their daily routines. ________, regular exercise can help improve physical fitness and reduce stress.
For example / For instance
ERSENOLCVY
CONVERSELY: Contrast — introduces an idea that is opposite or significantly different from the previous one.
What does “notwithstanding” mean?
Notwithstanding the difficulties, the team completed the project.
Despite / in spite of
Which discourse marker is used to show a contrast between two ideas, except in contrast?
However; nevertheless; nonetheless; on the other hand; in comparison; conversely; alternatively; whereas; while; although; even though; yet; still
Therefore, students should be encouraged to participate actively in class.
What relationship does therefore express?
Result/conclusion
Heavy rainfall continued throughout the night, causing several roads in the area to become flooded. Public transportation was also disrupted, and many residents were unable to leave their homes. ________, several students were unable to attend school the following morning.
Therefore / Consequently / As a result
VOABE LAL
ABOVE ALL: Emphasis — highlights the most important point.
Choose the correct answer:
The students had prepared carefully for the competition. ________, they were still nervous.
A. Therefore
B. Nevertheless
C. Consequently
D. Furthermore
Which discourse marker introduces a reason or cause, except because?
since, as, due to, owing to, because of, as a result of, given that
In fact, many young people use social media to learn new skills.
What does in fact express?
Emphasis / reinforcement
The school invested a considerable amount of money in developing the new sports facilities. The facilities are now modern, safe and suitable for a wide range of activities. ________, many students still prefer spending their free time at home.
However / Nevertheless / Nonetheless
WSEILKIE
LIKEWISE: Similarity — introduces a similar idea or situation.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A. However the weather was bad, we continued.
B. Nonetheless, the weather was bad, we continued.
C. Although the weather was bad, we continued.
D. In spite of the weather was bad, we continued.
Although the weather was bad, we continued.
Which discourse marker is used to give an example, except for example?
for instance, such as, namely, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular
In other words, students need to take greater responsibility for their own learning.
What function does in other words serve?
Restatement / clarification
Writing a good essay requires careful planning. Students should first understand exactly what the question is asking before they begin writing. ________, they should identify the main points they want to discuss and organise them logically.
Secondly / Next
OT LLTTUSIARE
TO ILLUSTRATE: Example — introduces an example that helps explain or support an idea.
Correct the sentence:
She became famous despite of her problems.
She became famous despite her problems.
She became famous in spite of her problems.
Which discourse marker can be used to emphasise an important point?
in fact, indeed, notably, importantly, above all, especially, particularly, significantly, undoubtedly, clearly, certainly
On balance, the benefits of school uniforms outweigh their disadvantages.
What does on balance express?
Overall judgement / conclusion
Some students believe that examinations are the fairest way to assess academic achievement because all students complete the same tasks under similar conditions. They argue that examinations provide schools with a clear way of comparing students' performance. ________, others believe that projects and presentations provide a more complete picture of students' abilities.
Conversely / On the other hand
MTLUAILTEY
ULTIMATELY: Introduces the final or most important point.
Identifying mistakes: (Make changes where necessary.)
1. Many students struggled, although the exam was easy.
2. Even though she had problems she became famous.
3. The first solution was inexpensive, nevertheless, she chose the second option.