Local laws which kept black and white Americans segregated.
What are Jim Crow laws
100
They believed that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice.
What are progressives?
100
He was a trumpet player and the unofficial ambassador of jazz.
Who is Louis Armstrong?
100
Someone who believes that, despite current discrimination, the goal should be for whites and blacks to live and work together.
What is an integrationist?
100
It was set up to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and for fair treatment for all citizens.
What is the Anti-Defamation League?
200
This was the Supreme Court case that made it legal to have "separate but equal"
What is the Plessy v. Ferguson?
200
It was called the NAACP
What is the organization that used laws to fight against discrimination against African Americans
(Also accepted: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.)
200
Bessie Smith.
Who is the famous jazz soloist known as "the empress of the blues"?
200
Harvard educated, and from the North, he believed that African Americans should push for voting and other rights immediately.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
200
This treaty between the US and Mexico guaranteed the property rights of Mexican Americans after the US-Mexico War -- still 4 of 5 lost their last
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
300
This required voters to pay a tax.
What is a poll tax?
300
An organization started by W.E.B. Du Bois and William Trotter to push for voting rights -- they also criticized Booker T. Washington's ideas as pushing for only gradual change.
What is the Niagara Movement?
300
The most powerful literary voice of the Harlem Renaissance -- his writing was less about politics and more about a celebration of African American culture and life.
Who was Langston Hughes?
300
Booker T. Washington
Which African American leader urged patience -- hard work and self-improvement would eventually win the respect of whites.
Also:
Born a slave, he urged that Blacks not seek to overturn Jim Crow, but instead to work hard at self-improvement, which he promoted at the Tuskegee Institute.
300
This replaced the reservation system and instituted individually owned plots of land for Native Americans.
What is the Dawes Act
(Dawes Severalty Act or Dawes General Allotment Act)
400
This effectively kept many African Americans away from the polls because they had been denied a proper eduction.
What is a literacy test?
400
It was a network of groups and churches to help poor African Americans get settled and find work in cities.
What is the Urban League?
400
He was a Jamaican immigrant who wrote novels and poems ("If We Must Die") about the lives of ordinary African American from a "militant" point of view.
Who was Claude McKay?
400
An African American leader who pushed for a Black owned steam ship company and a "back to Africa" movement.
Who is Marcus Garvey?
400
La Gorras Blancas
Which organization in the SW of the USA targeted large ranch owners by cutting their fences and setting fires to homes?
500
This was know as a "grandfather clause"
What is a requirement that in order to vote one of your ancestors had voted by the end of the Civil War (prior to 1866)?
500
This organization was set up by Marcus Garvey and claimed 2.5 million members, working for black pride, black businesses and the "back to Africa" movement.
What is the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA also acceptable).
500
Zora Neal Hurston
African American writer who published folk tales from rural Florida.
also
Author of Their Eyes were watching God, which looked to the future of independence for women.
500
Garvey would eventually be imprisoned for mail fraud in connection with raising money for this enterprise.
What is Black Star Lines steamship company.
500
These groups made loans and gave legal assistance to Mexican Americans.