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Background
Methods
Results
Test Review
Final Jeopardy - CANT CHOOSE
100
What type of snake serves as the model for the mimic?
coral snake
100
What two color characteristics did the researchers focus on?
Proportion of dorsum that was black and proportion that was red.
100
In which type of environment is mimicry favored?
Sympatry
100
If a mutation in an allele is deleterious would you expect the frequency of that allele to increase or decrease?
decrease
200
What type of snake mimics the poisonous model?
scarlet kingsnake
200
How did the researchers measure the relative rate of predation for certain color patterns?
Using snake replicas of different colors and measuring teeth marks
200
What causes mimicry to be disfavored in allopatric environments?
The absence of poisonous snakes doesn't give the predators any reason to fear the mimics.
200
What is the definition of migration in regards to population genetics
movement of alleles between populations. also known as gene flow.
300
What are 3 of the 4 colors that are used by the mimic and the model snakes
black, red, yellow, white
300
The researchers sequenced 3 different genes from what location?
mitochondria
300
According the evidence presented in this paper, in which sort of environment did the mimicking snakes originally evolve in?
sympatry
300
Inbreeding has what effect on genotype frequencies? what effect on allelic frequencies?
decrease in heterozygosity; doesn't change allelic frequencies
300
What are the forms of evidence that argue against the hypothesis that L. t. elapsoides evolved in allopatry before moving to sympatry?
1.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the mimetic phenotype evolved in an ancestor of L. t. elapsoides and that the ancestral clade within L. t. elapsoides occurs in Florida (that is, deep sympatry). 2. Within the clade that contains both sympatric and allopatric individuals, the mitochondrial haplotypes found in allopatry seem to be recently descended from the sympatric haplotypes possessed by good mimics. 3. Third, given the close association of L. t. elapsoides with longleaf pine forests, it seems unlikely that the species would have existed in modern allopatry until about 10,000 years ago, when longleaf pine from refugia in the south began to move north into present-day allopatry
400
In what area of the United States were these snakes found?
Southeast US
400
How could they tell if the 5 microsatellite loci were correctly amplified?
Use of fluorescent labeled primers
400
As the mimics moved from sympatry to allopatry what happened to the proportion of black and red in the dorsum?
The proportion of black decreased and the proportion of red increased.
400
What are the assumptions of Hardy-Weinburg?
1. Random mating 2. No migration 3. No mutation 4. No selection 5. Infinite population size
500
What is the difference between sympatric and allopatric relationships?
Occurring in the same (sympatric) or different (allopatric) geographical conditions.
500
What was the name of the computational program used for this analysis
MIGRATE-n
500
What are 2 of the hypotheses for the evolution of a less mimetic form?
1. Mixing of L. t. elapsoides with other, less mimetic L. triangulum subspecies in allopatry 2. Genetic Drift 3. Predator Mediated Natural Selection
500
What is sensory bias?
Certain traits may be intrinsically stimulating and evoke stronger response simply because the organization of the sensory and nervous systems.