disease

History

100

Father of surgery

Joseph Lister

200

Original polio vaccine

Jonas Salk

300

His techniques lowered maternal mortality

Ignaz Semmelweis

400

Discovered that mosquitoes transmit malaria

Ronald Ross

500

Pioneered the concept of occupational risk

Bernandino Ramazzini

Vocab

100

Virulence

Ability of disease to cause severe consequences

200

Syndemic

When two epidemics combine to form a larger one

300

Holoendemic

Disease that is at a baseline level and occurs more in children because adults build up immunity

400

Sequela

Secondary consequence of a long-term disease

500

Type I Error

Null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected

Models

100

Casual inference/effects model (one-way only)

Directed Acyclic Graph

200

Koch's postulates are limited by

Chronic disease, asymptomatic disease, endemic- pathogen, genetic disease

300

Used to predict spread of infectious disease in a closed population

SIR Model (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered)

400

Difference between necessary root and sufficient cause

Necessary- must be in each pie, root- sufficient by itself, sufficient- set of components

500

Measures ability to differentiate between positive and negative cases by measuring True Positive vs False Positive Rate

Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve

Calculations

100

24 people ate chicken, and 8 are sick. What calculation and perform it

Attack rate. 33.33%

200

Calculate the annual incidence proportion where 25 new cases occur in a population of 1000 where 100 cases remain sick throughout the year

2.5%

300

What does an increase in prevalence affect, how, and why?

PPV (increase) and NPV (decrease), extrinsic properties whereas specificity and sensitvitiy are intrinsic

400

In a study, 40 of 200 exposed people get sick, and 10 of 200 unexposed get sick. Name the type of study, calculation, and give the value

Case control, relative risk, 4

500

ARD where 40 of 200 exposed people get sick, and 10 of 200 unexposed get sick

15%

Biases + more

100

Patients who got a positive test result back were more likely to know their source of exposure

Recall bias

200

Triple blinding is

Partipicants, experiments, and analysts don't know who receives treatment/placebo in clinical trial

300

Hospitalized patients are used as controls in a study

Berksons Bias

400

In a clinical trial on Hepatitis A treatment, patients in kidney failure are excluded

Neyman Bias

500

An outbreak has a median incubation of 8 hours with vomiting suggesting what mechanism of illness

Preformed toxin (toxin intoxication)