Vocabulary
An epidemic occurring over several countries or continents and affecting a large portion of the population.
What is a pandemic?
The father of field epidemiology. Known for how work with the cholera outbreak in London (1800’s).
Who is John Snow?
This type of study involved altering certain variables. Used in clinical trials.
What is an experimental study?
This level of control is when the specific infectious agent no longer exists in either nature or the laboratory.
What is extinction?
What is a point source epi-curve?
Time between when a person comes into contact with a pathogen and when they start to show symptoms.
What is an incubation period?
400 BC- This man was the first to try to explain disease scientifically instead of supernaturally.
Who is Hippocrates?
This type of study tracks from exposure to outcome. Ex. Following smokers to see what diseases they develop.
What is a cohort study?
This level of prevention occurs during the symptomatic stage; treatment to slow or stop the progression of a developed disease.
What is tertiary prevention?
This epi-curve has progressively larger peaks separated by one incubation period.
What is a propagated source epi-curve?
A physical object that transmits an infectious agent from person to person.
What is a fomite?
This man published a 1662 analysis of mortality data.
Who is John Graunt?
This study type works backwards from illness to exposure. It is good to study rare diseases.
What is a case-control study?
This level of control is the termination of all transmission of infectious agent by extermination of all infectious agents.
What is eradication?
In this type of surveillance diseases are reported by healthcare providers. Simple and inexpensive but can be limited by incompleteness.
What is passive surveillance?
A disease or health condition that is present at a constantly high rate.
What is a hyperendemic?
This man developed a smallpox vaccine using cowpox (1790’s).
Who is Edward Jenner?
This type of study is described as a snapshot in time. It assesses prevalence at a given point.
What is a cross-sectional study?
This level of prevention is early intervention to avoid initial exposure to agent of disease, prevent process from starting.
What is primary prevention?
This type of surveillance focuses on one or more symptoms rather than physician diagnoses, analysis of data for potential cases.
What is syndromic surveillance?
The measure of the severity of a disease, expressed as the proportion of people who become extremely ill or die.
What is virulence?
This man recognized the bacterial causes of disease, developed vaccine for anthrax.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
This study measures variables at the group level. It is Division C only.
What is an ecological study?
This level of prevention is to avoid the consequences of excessive intervention of the health system, preventing unnecessary medical activity and its consequences.
What is quaternary prevention?
This type of surveillance is has reporting by professionals who represent a specific group or area.
What is sentinel surveillance?