GI Tract
A patient diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is advised to make dietary changes. Which food should the patient avoid?
A) Baked chicken
B) Whole grain pasta
C) Chocolate
D) Carrots
Answer: C) Chocolate
Rationale: Foods like chocolate, peppermint, and high-fat meals can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter, exacerbating GERD symptoms.
Which dietary recommendation should be made for a patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
A) Increase high-fat, high-protein foods
B) Focus on weight loss and limit intake of high-sugar foods
C) Consume a diet high in simple carbohydrates
D) Increase consumption of alcohol in moderation
Answer: B) Focus on weight loss and limit intake of high-sugar foods
Rationale: Weight loss and limiting high-sugar foods are essential dietary interventions for managing NAFLD, as they reduce fat accumulation in the liver.
Which of the following is the primary dietary intervention for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A) Low-fat, high-protein diet
B) Carbohydrate counting with focus on complex carbohydrates
C) Low-protein, high-fat diet
D) Restriction of all carbohydrates
Answer: B) Carbohydrate counting with focus on complex carbohydrates
Rationale: Managing carbohydrate intake, especially complex carbohydrates, is essential in type 1 diabetes to control blood glucose levels
Which of the following nutritional interventions is most appropriate for a patient experiencing metabolic stress due to trauma?
A) Increase intake of simple carbohydrates and fat
B) Increase protein, calorie, and micronutrient intake
C) Reduce calorie intake to prevent weight gain
D) Avoid all supplements to prevent toxicity
Answer: B) Increase protein, calorie, and micronutrient intake
Rationale: During metabolic stress, the body’s demand for protein, calories, vitamins, and minerals increases to support tissue repair and immune function
Which dietary modification is recommended for a patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) to help prevent further disease progression?
A) Increase sodium intake
B) Increase intake of saturated fats
C) Follow a Mediterranean or DASH diet
D) Consume a high-protein, low-fat diet
Answer: C) Follow a Mediterranean or DASH diet
Rationale: The Mediterranean and DASH diets are recommended to help prevent heart disease by emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats while reducing sodium and saturated fats
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a patient with dysphagia during mealtime?
A) Encourage the patient to drink large amounts of water during the meal
B) Feed the patient thin liquids to prevent choking
C) Provide thickened liquids and assist with feeding as needed
D) Offer food that requires chewing to increase swallowing reflex
Answer: C) Provide thickened liquids and assist with feeding as needed
Rationale: Thickened liquids reduce the risk of aspiration in patients with dysphagia, and assistance may be needed to ensure safe swallowing.
Which of the following dietary modifications would be most beneficial for a patient with cholelithiasis (gallstones)?
A) Increase intake of saturated fats
B) Decrease fiber intake
C) Increase fiber and decrease saturated fats and cholesterol
D) Increase calcium and vitamin D intake
Answer: C) Increase fiber and decrease saturated fats and cholesterol
Rationale: Increasing fiber and reducing saturated fats and cholesterol are key dietary strategies to prevent and manage gallstones (cholelithiasis).
What is the most important nutritional recommendation for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is overweight?
A) Reduce fat intake and increase physical activity
B) Increase fat intake to maintain energy
C) Eliminate all carbohydrates from the diet
D) Increase sodium intake to prevent dehydration
Answer: A) Reduce fat intake and increase physical activity
Rationale: Weight loss through reduced fat intake and increased physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and helps manage type 2 diabetes
Which vitamin is essential for tissue repair in patients undergoing metabolic stress?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
Answer: C) Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for collagen formation and tissue repair, making it crucial in the recovery of patients experiencing metabolic stress
Which of the following dietary interventions is most appropriate for a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF)?
A) Increase sodium intake to maintain fluid balance
B) Restrict fluid and sodium intake to prevent fluid retention
C) Encourage a high-fat diet to reduce fluid overload
D) Increase potassium intake to prevent dehydration
Answer: B) Restrict fluid and sodium intake to prevent fluid retention
Rationale: Fluid and sodium restriction helps prevent fluid overload and edema in patients with CHF, reducing the burden on the heart
Which of the following dietary modifications would help prevent symptoms in a patient diagnosed with dumping syndrome?
A) Increase intake of simple carbohydrates and drink fluids with meals
B) Reduce intake of simple carbohydrates and consume small, frequent meals
C) Increase intake of high-fiber foods and eat large meals
D) Avoid fats and proteins and drink fluids with meals
Answer: B) Reduce intake of simple carbohydrates and consume small, frequent meals
Rationale: Patients with dumping syndrome should avoid simple carbohydrates, consume small frequent meals, and drink fluids between meals to manage symptoms
A patient with cirrhosis is experiencing ascites. Which of the following dietary interventions should the nurse anticipate?
A) Fluid and sodium restriction
B) High-protein, high-fat diet
C) Increased potassium intake
D) High-sodium, low-protein diet
Answer: A) Fluid and sodium restriction
Rationale: Fluid and sodium restriction help manage ascites by reducing fluid retention in patients with cirrhosis.
Which of the following is the best method for preventing hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus?
A) Consuming a high-protein diet
B) Skipping meals if blood glucose is low
C) Timing meals and snacks appropriately with insulin administration
D) Increasing simple sugar intake during every meal
Answer: C) Timing meals and snacks appropriately with insulin administration
Rationale: Proper timing of meals and snacks in relation to insulin administration is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes
A patient is experiencing metabolic stress from starvation. Which metabolic change is expected in this condition?
A) Hypermetabolism
B) Hypometabolism
C) Increased muscle mass
D) Increased fat stores
Answer: B) Hypometabolism
Rationale: In starvation, the basal metabolic rate (BMR) slows down, leading to hypometabolism as the body tries to conserve energy
A patient with hypertension is advised to limit which of the following dietary components to help control blood pressure?
A) Potassium
B) Sodium
C) Fiber
D) Protein
Answer: B) Sodium
Rationale: Limiting sodium intake is essential for controlling blood pressure in patients with hypertension, as high sodium levels contribute to fluid retention and increased blood pressure
A patient with celiac disease is being educated on dietary restrictions. Which of the following foods should the patient avoid?
A) Rice and corn
B) Wheat and barley
C) Potatoes and quinoa
D) Eggs and dairy
Answer: B) Wheat and barley
Rationale: Celiac disease requires the patient to avoid gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley.
For a patient diagnosed with pancreatitis, the nurse should recommend which of the following dietary interventions?
A) Increase alcohol intake to stimulate digestion
B) Decrease fat intake and avoid alcohol
C) Increase intake of simple carbohydrates
D) High-fat, low-protein diet
Answer: B) Decrease fat intake and avoid alcohol
Rationale: In pancreatitis, avoiding alcohol and reducing fat intake are critical to prevent further damage to the pancreas and manage symptoms
Which of the following should be monitored regularly in a patient with diabetes to assess long-term blood glucose control?
A) Fasting lipid panel
B) Hemoglobin A1c levels
C) Serum potassium levels
D) White blood cell count
Answer: B) Hemoglobin A1c levels
Rationale: Hemoglobin A1c measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months and is a key marker of long-term glucose control in diabetes
Which of the following is a primary goal of nutritional therapy for a patient under metabolic stress?
A) Prevent dehydration by restricting fluids
B) Promote weight loss to reduce metabolic demands
C) Correct preexisting nutritional deficiencies
D) Decrease protein intake to reduce kidney workload
Answer: C) Correct preexisting nutritional deficiencies
Rationale: One of the key goals of nutritional therapy in metabolic stress is to detect and correct any preexisting nutritional deficiencies to promote recovery and prevent further decline
For a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which nutritional intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A) Encourage a high-calorie, high-protein diet
B) Restrict calories to promote weight loss
C) Provide a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet
D) Encourage large meals to increase calorie intake
Answer: A) Encourage a high-calorie, high-protein diet
Rationale: COPD patients often experience malnutrition due to increased energy expenditure from labored breathing. A high-calorie, high-protein diet helps maintain nutritional status and muscle mass
What is a key nursing intervention for preventing dehydration in a patient experiencing vomiting?
A) Provide large meals with extra fluids
B) Administer ice chips and encourage small sips of water
C) Encourage the patient to drink fruit juices during meals
D) Restrict fluids to prevent further vomiting
Answer: B) Administer ice chips and encourage small sips of water
Rationale: To prevent dehydration, patients who are vomiting should be given ice chips or small amounts of water gradually to maintain hydration.
Which of the following is an appropriate nutritional intervention for a patient with hepatitis?
A) Encourage a high-fat diet to reduce inflammation
B) Provide a diet low in calories and protein
C) Ensure proper food hygiene to prevent further infection
D) Restrict fluid intake to prevent edema
Answer: C) Ensure proper food hygiene to prevent further infection
Rationale: Proper food hygiene is crucial in preventing infections such as hepatitis A and E, which can be spread through contaminated food and water
For a patient with diabetes mellitus, the nurse should teach which of the following dietary guidelines to manage blood glucose levels effectively?
A) Eat three large meals per day
B) Avoid all types of carbohydrates
C) Focus on complex carbohydrates and monitor portion sizes
D) Increase consumption of simple sugars
Answer: C) Focus on complex carbohydrates and monitor portion sizes
Rationale: Consuming complex carbohydrates and controlling portion sizes help stabilize blood glucose levels and prevent spikes in patients with diabetes
A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. Which dietary recommendation is most important to support recovery during metabolic stress?
A) Low-calorie, low-protein diet
B) High-calorie, high-protein diet with micronutrient supplements
C) High-fat, low-protein diet
D) Reduced carbohydrate intake to control blood sugar
Answer: B) High-calorie, high-protein diet with micronutrient supplements
Rationale: A high-calorie, high-protein diet is essential to support wound healing and tissue repair in patients experiencing metabolic stress from severe burns
Which dietary consideration is important for a patient on warfarin therapy to prevent potential complications?
A) Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
B) Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods
C) Increase intake of vitamin C-rich foods
D) Eliminate all sources of vitamin K from the diet
Answer: B) Maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods
Rationale: Consistency in vitamin K intake is essential for patients on warfarin, as fluctuations in vitamin K levels can affect the drug’s anticoagulant efficacy