Homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of ideal internal conditions in the body.
What type of chemicals does the endocrine system use to send messages around the body?
Hormones
What are the basic units of the nervous system called?
Neurons
What is an infectious disease?
A disease caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can spread from one person to another.
What is a pathogen?
A disease-causing organism.
Name one example of homeostasis in the human body.
e.g. regulating body temperature.
Name any two parts of the endocrine system.
e.g. pituitary gland, testes, ovaries, adrenal glands
Name the two main parts of the nervous system.
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
Give an example of direct contact transmission.
e.g. physical contact
List two types of pathogens.
e.g. bacteria, virus.
What happens when homeostasis fails?
You experience disease or death.
Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
Insulin.
What is the body of a nerve cell called?
The soma.
Name the three modes of transmission of infectious disease.
Direct, Indirect, and Vector.
Name one disease caused by a virus and one caused by bacteria.
e.g. Influenza (virus) and Tuberculosis (bacteria)
Which organ plays a major role in controlling homeostasis?
True or false: the endocrine system is the FAST coordination system in your body.
False.
What do neurons form when they are linked together in long chains through the body?
Nerves.
What is the bodies 2nd line of defence called?
The inflammatory response.
How do good hygiene practices help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Good hygiene (such as handwashing, covering mouth when coughing, using clean water) reduces contact with and transfer of pathogens.
What is the term for the process by which the body returns to its set point after a change?
Negative feedback.
What is the role of adrenaline in the body.
Adrenaline prepares the body for "fight or flight" by increasing heart rate and energy supply.
Describe the pathway of a reflex action from stimulus to response.
Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → spinal cord (interneuron) → motor neuron → effector (muscle/gland) → response.
How do vaccines help prevent infectious diseases?
Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognise and fight specific pathogens.
How are pathogens killed in the 2nd and 3rd line of defence?
They are engulfed by phagocytes and broken down through phagocytosis.