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Dysarthrias
Dysarthrias Types- Voice Quality
Dysarthrias/Speech Motor Control
Dysarthrias - features and causes
Evaluation of Motor Speech Disorders
100
1) apraxia of speech and 2) dysarthia, both of which can affect children & adults
What are the two major categories of motor speech disorders?
100
Voice Quality - Monopitch/loudness, reduced stress, harsh voice, hypernasility, strained/strangled voice
What is Spastic Dyarthia?
100
develops from birth to 12 years
What is Speech Motor Control?
100
A speech disorder caused by disturbances of neuromuscular control of the speech production systems resulting from underlying neuromuscular disturbances in muscle tone, reflexes and kinematic aspects of movement (speed, range, etc.) Like AOS, it may be accompanied by language disturbances, but speech errors are consistent
What is defining characteristics of acquired dysarthria?
100
Perceptual, acoustic and physiological measures help to diagnose motor speech disorders. Perceptual measures would be observations, acoutic measures would be a visual method like a spectrogram and physiological measures are quantitative data on speech motor systems such as muscle endurance using simple equipment like a glass and straw to blow bubbles or a videofluoroscopy to assess articulatory fcn.
How do SLP's measure or determine language performance?
200
results from damage to the cerebellum causing uncoordination dysmetria (under/over shooting) and tremors
What is Ataxic Dysarthria?
200
Voice Quality - excessive and equal stress, harsh voice
What is Ataxia dysarthia?
200
Children who have speech motor control difficulties (i.e., articulating the stream of speech) often have unknown etiologies, but experts agree that this is the cause.
What is neurological?
200
Are the most common type of developmental dysarthria
What are spastic dysarthria and dyskinetic dysarthria?
200
A comprehensive motor speech evaluation should include a separate assessment of EACH of the SPEECH SYSTEMS to determine the contribution of each system to the overall speech disturbance.
What are RESPIRATION (short phases, lack of breath, etc.), PHONATION (sudden pitch changes, motor speech distortions, reduced/variable loudness), ARTICULATION (variability in producing speech) & PROSODY (declarative vs. interrogative sentence production, loudness, duration, pitch & rhythm)
300
a group of speech disorders caused by disturbances of neuromuscular control of the speech production system, which affect execution of speech movements, with resultant underlying neuromuscular disturbances in muscle tone, reflexes and kinematic aspects of movement, such as speed, range, accuracy and steadiness.
What is Dyarthria?
300
Voice - Monopitch, harsh voice, excessive loudness
What is Hyperkinetic dysarthia?
300
1) Speech sound - distortions vs. subs., 2) Sub. errors related to target phoneme vs. not related, 3) Consistent speech-sound errors vs. inconsistent, 4) Consonant clusters simplified vs. Schwa often inserted bet. consonant clusters, 5) Little audible/silent groping for target speech sound vs. audible & silent groping, 6) Rapid rate vs. slow rate, prolongations, 7) No period of unaffected speech vs. islands of fluency and 8) no difference bet. automatic/volational speech vs. fluent automatic speech, but disfluent volitional speech
What is Dysarthia compared vs. Apraxia of Speech (HANDOUT) ?
300
This dysarthria is indicative of hypertonicity (increased muscle tone) and hyperreflexia (increased sensitivity to reflexes), slow speech rate with distortion, reduced or exaggerated stress, breathy, harsh, strained or strangled voice. One of the dysarthrias that can be found in children with Cerebral Palsy
What is spastic dysarthria? Three types of dysarthrias assoicated with Cerebral palsy: a. spastic b. dyskinetic (athetosis) c. ataxic
300
The type of treatment that is recommended is based on this and distinguishes the disorder from another disorder. In the case of motor speech disorders, it is based primarily on perceptual findings and and the SLP's judgment
What is differential diagnosis?
400
impairment of programming and planning of speech movements which produces inconsistent speech errors
What is Apraxia?
400
hypernasility, harsh voice, low pitch, monopitch loudness, excess and equal stress
What is Mixed Dysarthria?
400
An important concept for understanding normal and disordered speech is to understand that a speakers' ability to effectively plan speech and develop motor skills thru practicing of these movements leads speakers to to "relatively permanent changes in the capacity of movement."
What is motor learning?
400
Involves muscle weakness, atrophy and hypotonicity resulting in restricted speed and range of movement. Is the result of damage to the lower motor neurons (involved with muscle contraction) or damage to the cranial nerves (connect motor neurons to muscles)
What is Flaccid Dysarthria?
400
Clear identification and retention stressed over acquisition is the first one. The second one is treatment generalization. What is taught (targeted generalizations) may be carried over to other areas (response generalizations)
What are Treatment Goals?
500
Results from decrease or lack of appropriate movement from lesions of the extra pyramidal tract and basal nuclei (aka basal ganglia); muscles are rigid and stiff
What is Hypokinetic dysarthia?
500
Voice - breathy voice, monopitch tone, hypernasility, reduced pitch/loudness
What is Flaccid Dysarthia?
500
Important aspects of motor behavior that professionals consider when they work with individuals experiencing motor problems. Clinicians must determine whether the breakdown occurred in sequencing articulatory goals prior to occurrence or in activation of relevant muscles used in speech production.
What is motor planning and programming?
500
1) articulatory kinematic (spatial (articulatory placement), temporal (sequencing), 2) rate and/or rhythm, 3) alternative/augmentative comm., 4) intersystematic facilitation/reorg. and 5) other treatments recommended
What is treatment for Apraxia of Speech recommended by American Society of Neurology?