Loop It Up
What is the most significant electrolyte imbalance to monitor in a patient taking furosemide?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypokalemia
Which diuretic is typically the first-line treatment for essential hypertension?
A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Mannitol
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
Which patient should not receive spironolactone?
A. A patient with liver cirrhosis
B. A patient with hypokalemia
C. A patient with heart failure
D. A patient with hyperkalemia
D. A patient with hyperkalemia
What is the primary use of mannitol in a clinical setting?
A. Treat hypertension
B. Decrease intracranial pressure
C. Increase potassium
D. Manage edema in CHF
B. Decrease intracranial pressure
A nurse is caring for a client with digoxin toxicity. What electrolyte imbalance most likely caused this?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
C. Hypokalemia
Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for when administering furosemide too rapidly IV?
A. Hypertension
B. Tinnitus
C. Bradycardia
D. Hyperglycemia
B. Tinnitus
What lab result requires immediate follow-up in a patient taking hydrochlorothiazide?
A. Sodium: 138 mEq/L
B. Potassium: 2.9 mEq/L
C. Glucose: 110 mg/dL
D. Calcium: 9.0 mg/dL
B. Potassium: 2.9 mEq/L
Which food should a nurse teach a patient taking spironolactone to avoid?
A. Bananas
B. Apples
C. Grapes
D. Rice
A. Bananas
What is a serious contraindication for mannitol administration?
A. Dehydration
B. Edema
C. Hypertension
D. Glaucoma
A. Dehydration
Which of the following is a sign of hyperkalemia?
A. Muscle cramps
B. Constipation
C. Decreased reflexes
D. Bradycardia
D. Bradycardia
A patient on furosemide is at risk for which complication if potassium drops too low?
A. Seizures
B. Digoxin toxicity
C. Hypertension
D. Liver failure
B. Digoxin toxicity
A patient with a sulfa allergy may also react to which thiazide diuretic?
A. Furosemide
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Spironolactone
D. Mannitol
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
A nurse is monitoring a patient on potassium-sparing diuretics. Which ECG change is expected with hyperkalemia?
A. Flattened T waves
B. U waves
C. Peaked T waves
D. Prolonged QT interval
C. Peaked T waves
Which assessment finding indicates mannitol therapy is effective in a patient with increased ICP?
A. Decreased urine output
B. Decreased LOC
C. Increased serum sodium
D. Improved pupil response
D. Improved pupil response
A patient reports muscle weakness and has flattened T waves on EKG. What electrolyte imbalance is suspected?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
Which of the following medications should NOT be given with furosemide due to ototoxicity risk?
A. Spironolactone
B. Acetaminophen
C. Gentamicin
D. Lisinopril
C. Gentamicin
What dietary instruction is most important for a patient on thiazide diuretics?
A. Limit fluids
B. Increase potassium-rich foods
C. Avoid sodium
D. Avoid dairy
B. Increase potassium-rich foods
Which electrolyte must be monitored in addition to potassium with spironolactone?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Magnesium
D. Chloride
A. Sodium
A nurse should question a prescription for mannitol in a patient with:
A. Glaucoma
B. Heart failure
C. Hypotension
D. Overdose
B. Heart failure
Which food is best to give to a patient with hypokalemia?
A. Apple slices
B. Baked potato
C. Chicken breast
D. Cheese
B. Baked potato
What is a priority assessment before administering IV furosemide?
A. Lung sounds
B. Heart rate
C. Blood glucose
D. Urine color
A. Lung sounds
Which condition would cause a nurse to question the prescription of a thiazide diuretic?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Gout
C. Hypertension
D. Edema
B. Gout
Triamterene, a potassium-sparing diuretic, may cause which unusual side effect?
A. Orange urine
B. Blue-colored urine
C. Foamy urine
D. Cloudy urine
B. Blue-colored urine
Mannitol is contraindicated in which condition?
A. Oliguria
B. Seizures
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Head trauma
C. Pulmonary edema
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances can cause tetany and positive Chvostek's sign?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
C. Hypocalcemia