Division 3

Cardiac anatomy

100

What are the three components that make up the circulatory system?

Heart, blood vessels and blood

200

Which specific blood vessels pump blood to the myocardium?

Coronary arteries 

300

Daily triple!!! A QRS measuring 0.12 seconds would be considered what?

Wide

400

Which electrolyte is required to remove the tropomyosin, allowing for the actin to bind to the myosin, thus causing a muscle to contract? 

Calcium

500

DAILY DOUBLE!! Which specific coronary artery feeds the septal portion of the myocardium?

LAD: Left anterior descending coronary artery

Chest trauma

100

Which ribs require a high mechanism trauma to cause injury? 

Ribs 1 and 2

200

You respond to the report of a snow mobile injury. Upon arrival, a 36 y/o male was found supine, altered with difficulty breathing. He is pale, clammy and has paradoxical movement on the right side from ribs 4-6. What likely is going on?

Flail segment/ Flail chest 

300

You responded to a 60 y/o male who woke up suddenly, unable to catch his breath. He typically is on home oxygen via nasal cannula at 2lpm to treat his COPD. He tells you that he had to increase it to 5lpm with little to no relief. He has unilateral chest rise and fall, JVD and subcutaneous emphysema. Vitals: BP176/90, HR 138, RR 36 and shallow, and SPO2 81% on 5lpm. What likely is going on?

Spontaneous pneumothorax

400

What are the three components of Beck's triad? What does the triad indicate?

Narrowing pulse pressure, muffled heart tones, and JVD. Indicates pericardial tamponade

500

You have a patient who was hit by a car. They are unresponsive, have unilateral chest rise and fall, flattened neck veins, crepitus to the sternum and multiple ribs bilaterally, and major facial and chest trauma. The patient is breathing about 5 times/min with shallow respirations. What is likely going on? 

Ribs/sternal fracture with hemothorax

Shock

100

Poor perfusion is the summarized definition of what? 

shock

200

If a patient, who is showing signs of shock, complains of a sudden onset of dyspnea, was recently put on a new birth control and is a smoker, what type of shock are they in?

obstructive 

300

Lactic acid is the byproduct of what type of metabolism?

Anaerobic 

400

What are the four subtypes of distributive shock?

Anaphylactic, neurogenic, psychogenic and septic 

500

How do inotropic agents affect the heart muscle?

They control the force of contraction

Neuro anatomy

100

Which part of the brainstem controls all of our autonomic functions? 

Medulla 

200

What are the four levels of protection in order?

1. Bone, 2. Meninges, 3.CSF, 4. Blood brain barriers 

300

What are the star shaped glial cells that line the blood brain barrier?

astrocytes

400

What is CN1?

olfactory nerve 

500

Which type of blood vessels sit in the pia mater?

Large arteries

Cardiac emergencies

100

Chest pain that is not relieved by medication, rest and lasts longer than 20 minutes would be called what?

Unstable angina 

200

The main contributor to ACS is what?

Atherosclerosis 

300

A 63 y/o female complains of nausea and epigastric pain that feels like acid reflux. She tells you that she only has a history of hypertension, which is poorly controlled. She is pale and clammy. What likely is going on?

AMI: Acute myocardial infarction

400

A patient complains of dizziness pain in their leg. Upon assessment, you find the leg to be hot to the touch, pinkish discoloration and swollen. She denies any recent trauma but explains that it became that was after being less mobile secondary to a recent back surgery. What likely is going on?

DVT: Deep vein thrombosis 

500

Daily double: You respond to a 45 y/o male who had a syncopal episode. Upon arrival, you find the male sitting on the couch, complaining of palpitations in his chest and dizziness. He has no medical history but does say he has been using CBD gummies the last few days to help with some anxiety. Upon assessment, he appears atraumatic with orthostatic dizziness. Vitals: BP 132/56, HR 176 with weak and thready pulses, RR 26, SPO2 97% on room air. What likely is going on? 

SVT: Supraventricular tachycardia