Key Similarities
3 P's
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Contributes to the development of HHS
What is ...
Inadequate fluid intake or poor kidney function
Number one priority intervention
Treat underlying cause
The number one risk factor for DKA
Infection
DKA patients will have ______ breath
Fruity
Increased levels in the kidney due to dehydration
What is ...
BUN (>30 mg/dL) and Creatinine (>1.5 mg/dL)
Range of age that are at risk for HHS
What is ...
50-70 years old
_______ is used for fluid replacement therapy
Hypotonic fluids (0.45% sodium chloride)
DKA can be caused by insufficient dosing of
insulin
Deep rapid respirations manifested by DKA patients
Kussmaul respirations
Physiological effects of fluid volume depletion caused by osmotic diuresis
Blurred vision / HA / weakness / orthostatic hypotension
HHS mainly affects people with what kind condition
What is ...
Type 2 diabetes
When ill, older adult clients should monitor blood glucose every _____ hour(s)
What is ...
1-4 hours
Conditions that increase carbohydrate metabolism
Stress, illness, infection, trauma,
HHS patients with seizures results from
elevated serum osmolarity
THREE treatments used for both HHS and DKA
1. IV fluids
2. Insulin therapy
3. Electrolytes replacement (i.e. Potassium)
If left untreated, HHS can lead to ...
What is ...
COMA / DEATH
Infused with sodium bicarbonate
What is ...
Potassium
Situations that result in lack of insulin
untreated DM and nonadherence to DM regimen
Serum Ketones in DKA will result in
Metabolic acidosis
Lack of glucose circulating in the brain can cause ______
What is ...
Mental status changes (due to neuron dysfunction and cell death)
Two examples of medications that can induce HHS
What is ...
glucocorticoids / thiazide diuretics / phenytoin / beta blockers / calcium channel blockers
Administer __________ by slow IV infusion for severe acidosis (pH < 7.0)
What is ...
Sodium Bicarbonate
Increased hormone production results in
stimulation of liver to produce glucose
Type of jerking experienced by HHS patients
Myoclonic jerking