Bone Physiology
This enhances the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestines, helping to regulate their levels in the body and supporting bone health.
What is vitamin D?
This measurement, obtained by asking a patient to stand with their heels against a wall and measuring the distance between the back of their head and the wall, can help assess for conditions like kyphosis or restricted neck mobility.
What is the occiput-to-wall distance?
This imaging technique is commonly used to measure bone mineral density and assess the risk of fractures. It is particularly useful for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring treatment efficacy.
What is Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)?
In individuals over 65, osteoporosis affects around __% of men and __% of women, highlighting this gender disparity in prevalence.
What is 50% of men and 80% of women?
This essential plays a critical role in several physiological processes, including cardiac conduction, muscle contraction, bone mineralization, nerve function, and blood coagulation, and is tightly regulated in the body.
What is calcium?
This condition can be caused by overactive parathyroid glands, certain medications, or neoplastic disease. Symptoms often include bone pain, fragile bones that break more easily, constipation, muscle weakness, and kidney stones.
What is hypercalcemia?
This corticosteroid is commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. It is used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, asthma, and autoimmune diseases, but may cause side effects like weight gain, high blood pressure, and increased risk of infection.
This is the most common form of osteoporosis in women, while secondary and senile forms are more prevalent in men.
What is postmenopausal osteoporosis?
In this condition, serum calcium levels are low due to reduced albumin, but the ionized calcium (iCa) remains normal, as it is not bound to albumin.
What is hypoalbuminemia?
A condition that can be caused by thyroid nodules, an inflamed gland, or too much iodine in the diet. Symptoms include heart palpitations, unintentional weight loss, and insomnia. Associated with accelerated bone remodeling, reduced bone density, osteoporosis, and an increase in fracture rate.
What is hyperthyroidism?
This is a first line of treatment for osteoporosis.
What is bisphosphonates?
There are no specific indications for men osteoporosis screening programs.
The fact that osteoporosis is a much more common disease in women than men, has led researchers and clinicians to focus most studies and treatments on women osteoporosis. As a consequence, most of the diagnostic algorithms are designed for women osteoporosis and men rarely undergo diagnostic tests for osteoporosis and not treated.
Why some men with osteoporosis are left underdiagnosed?
This mineral, along with calcium, is incorporated into hydroxyapatite crystals, playing a crucial role in the process of bone mineralization.
What is phosphate?
This is patient's family history
Where in History Taking the following is relevant
Mother had bone fractures.
2 sisters have osteoporosis & one of them has a spine fracture?
This is the sequence of events that menopause has on bone loss.
What reduces estrogen production, which in turn reduces calcium absorption and increases urinary calcium loss and calcium resorption from bone?
Despite being recommended for both genders, DXA osteoporosis screening is performed on fewer than 6% of men over 65, compared to over 94% of women in the same age group. Moreover, a higher prevalence of secondary osteoporosis was observed in men (66.67%) than in women (20.83%)
What is the difference in DXA screening rates between men and women over 65?
This process, occurring primarily in the bone marrow, is responsible for the production of all blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What is hematopoiesis?
Colles fracture
What is a break in the distal radius bone of the wrist that tilts upward?
Dr. Toru Tateno completed his medical degree and clinical training there.
Why did Dr. Tateno mention the Tokyo Medical and Dental University during our first DL?
Although postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing fractures, older men tend to have a worse prognosis after a fracture, particularly of the femur, and lower treatment rates. The drugs commonly used to treat osteoporosis, as well as most of the guidelines for screenings and FRAX methods, have been developed for women and therefore adapted to men.
What is another example of socio-sanitary gender bias of osteoporosis?