Onset, peak, duration
Short acting peak
2-5 hours
When do you give Lantus insulin?
a. before meals
b. Morning, noon, and night
C. When the patient's blood sugar is above 250
D. Once daily at the same time each day
D. Once daily at the same time each day.
Which oral antidiabetic medication is usually the first drug prescribed?
Metformin
which is a Biguanide
When is the oral glucose tolerance test completed
between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy
What exactly is Insulin?
A hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas
Intermediate acting duration
12-18 hours
Onset 1.5 hours - 4 hours and peak 4-12 hours
Insulin Lispro and Insulin Aspart are examples of what type of insulin?
Rapid acting
Which type of anti-diabetic medications are not absorbed into the bloodstream and are usually safe for use by patients who may not be able to use other medications because of liver problems.
Bile Acid Sequestrants (BASs) such as Colesevelam (Welchol).
What are the 3 Ps that indicate possible diabetes?
(and what do they mean?)
Polyphagia - Increase hunger
Polydipsia - Increased thirst
Polyuria - Increased urination
The only purpose of insulin is
taking glucose from the blood to the cells
(works as a key to open the cell letting glucose in)
Long acting onset
Onset: 0.8-4 hours
No Peak and 24+ hour duration
What type of insulin can be given IV
Regular - which is short acting
Education that is important regarding when / how to take Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as miglitol (Glyset)
Take with first bite of the meal; if not eating, do not take
What causes type 1 diabetes?
Destruction of the beta-cells in the pancreas
How many units are in 1 mL?
100
Which is why it is so important to use an insulin needle!
Short acting onset
30 minutes - 1 hour
Where are the most common injection sites for insulin?
Areas with fatty tissue such as in the fatty tissue of the upper arms or in the abdomen
Important patient teaching for a person taking Metformin
Tell healthcare provides when having a dye study or surgical procedure
How is gestational diabetes treated?
Most gestational diabetes is treated either by diet and exercise or with subcutaneous insulin administration. With the exception of metformin (Glucophage), oral antidiabetic medications are not typically prescribed for women who have gestational diabetes.
Premixed combination insulins are typically composed of what 2 types of insulins?
Intermediate-acting and short-acting
Rapid acting peak
30 minutes to 1 hour
Onset 10-30 minutes and duration 3-5 hours
What types of insulin are intended for use in managing postprandial increases in blood glucose
Rapid and short acting
Side effects associated with Sulfonylureas:
Mild hypoglycemia
Nausea
Diarrhea
****Daily Double****
Diabetes is diagnosed when a patient __________________ and of one of the following:
two findings (separate days) -
Classin disease manifestations and:
a casual (random) plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL or higher, or
when a patient has a fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher (normal is 60 to 100 mg/dL), or
when a patient has a 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL or higher during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Short acting then intermediate acting
clear then cloudy