Torsion
What is intussusception?
Telescoping of one segment of the intestine into an adjacent segment.
Common site: Ileocecal or Ileocolic with bulls eye appearance on ultrasound
Distention of the stomach alone and can resolve on its own
Simple Bloat
Straining without producing feces or passing, small hard stools
Tenesmus
Clinical signs of colic
Rolling, sweating, anorexia, kicking at abdomen, depression, pacing, frequent lying down, pawing
What are the hepatic portal tract?
Bile Duct
Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
Twisting of segment along longitudinal axis less that 180 degrees clockwise
Torsion
Who is predisposed to GDV
Danes, GS, Irish setters, standard poodles (deep chested dogs)
Middle Aged males
Single solid object that causes complete or partial -Toys, corn cobs, bones,
Non Linear
When do you use medical vs surgical?
Look at clinical signs like heart rate above 80, MM color being brick red and CRT greater than 3 or less than 1, reflux, no response to meds, or distended intestines
Which zone of liver receives the most injury
Zone 3 due to receiving the least oxygenated blood and cytochrome P450
Zone 2 is aflatoxicosis
Zone 1 is phosphorous toxin
What is Volvulus?
Twisting around the mesenteric axis up to 270 degrees
Most common extrinsic factor
Eating a large meal and immediately exercising after
Name the 4 types of hernias and location
Umbilical, Inguinal, scrotal perineal
What is Borborygmi?
Listening technique to intestines in horse
What is the yellow discoloration of tissues
Icterus or Hyperbilirubinemia
How do you treat GDV?
SURGERY!
Clinical Signs of GDV
Panting, weak pulse, tachycardia, abdominal pain and distention
And progresses to severe systemic of cardiac output decreases, lung expansion restricted, loss of motility in GI
1. Adenocarcinoma - most common
2. Leiomyosarcoma - smooth muscle
3. Lymphoma - thickening of the intestinal wall
Whats the first thing you want to do on suspected colic?
Rectal exam to figure out baseline
What disease is defined by fibrosis, nodular regeneration and abnormal vasculature?
Cirrhosis
Predisposing Factors to torsion or volvulus
Age \Breed
GI Parasites
Viral and Bacterial Infection
Previous GI surgery
Foreign Body
Neoplasia
Diet
How does this look on X Ray?
Smurf Hat
Describe Conservative vs. aggressive
Conservitave - Partial, stable, non-life threatening
Aggressive - Complete, unstable, life threatening, or failure of conservative treatment
What are the 5 types of colic?
Spasmodic
Obstruction
Strangulating
Inflammatory
Other like hernia
What is fatty liver?
Hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation exceeds the rate of lipoprotein release
Common in cats