What that mouth do
What is the oral commissure
On the rostral two-thirds of the feline tongue, these specific mechanical papillae are modified and highly keratinized, serving as a "rasp" to scrape meat off bones
filiform papillae
What teeth are part of your Carnassial teeth
P4 and M1 or 1/208 and 3/409
While the mandibular and sublingual glands are classified as mixed seromucous glands, this major salivary gland is predominantly serous in domestic mammals.
Parotid
Ruminants produce 150 to 200 liters of saliva daily, which is rich in phosphate and this key anion necessary to buffer volatile fatty acids generated during rumen fermentation
HCO3
What factors influence oral microbiota in dogs
Diet, Age, environment and dental health
What immunoglobulin is the highest prevalence in the oral cavity
IgA
A 3-year-old domestic shorthair cat presents with red, inflamed hyperplastic gums, halitosis, and painful inappetence. Histopathology reveals mucosal ulceration with dense infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells within the lamina propria
feline lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis
A patient exhibiting food impaction within the oral vestibule, drooping lips, and saliva leakage due to loss of motor tone in the orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles has a lesion affecting this cranial nerve
Facial nerve CN VII
Special sensory perception (taste) from the fungiform papillae on the rostral two-thirds of the tongue is mediated by what nerve and special branch
Facial nerve and chorda tympani branch
Equine incisors and cheekteeth are classified as this tooth type, characterized by high crowns, enamel extending below the gumline, and continuous slow eruption throughout life
Hypsodont teeth
The largest artery supplying blood to the mandibular salivary gland is this specific branch of the external carotid artery.
facial artery
Sensory signals from oral taste and touch receptors travel to medullary salivary centers, which send parasympathetic motor signals via these two cranial nerves to increase saliva flow, blood supply, and myoepithelial cell contraction
IX and VII
An adult beef cow presents with hypersalivation and a severely swollen, hard tongue protruding from its mouth. The causative organism is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that belongs to the normal upper GI microbiota and entered via oral mucosal wounds before spreading through lymphatics
Actinobacillus lignieresii (or Wooden Tongue)
A veterinary oncologist is designing a radiation therapy protocol for a dog with a carcinoma of the head and neck. The oncologist considers the relative radiosensitivity of the adjacent normal salivary gland tissue to avoid iatrogenic damage. Which microscopic portion of the salivary gland is most sensitive to ionizing radiation (radiosensitive)
Serous
What is the difference between and erosion and a ulcer
Erosion is a partial thickness and ulcer is full thinkness affected BM
Why are cattle more predisposed to TRP (traumatic reticulopericarditis) than other ruminants
Heavy keratinization of the oral mucosa causes decreased sensitization plus cattle use there tongue as a prehensile organ where as smaller ruminants use their lips
Lacking upper incisors entirely, domestic ruminants possess this firm, fibrous structure on their rostral upper jaw to assist in cropping vegetation against the lower incisors
Dental Pad
During a pre-purchase examination of a gelding, a veterinarian inspects the lower incisors and notes that the dental cups are completely worn away on I-1, I-2, and I-3, while dental stars are clearly visible. Based on the disappearance of all lower incisor cups, the horse's age is estimated to be at least this many years
8 years old
Formed near the angle of the jaw, the external jugular vein is created by the confluence of these two major veins draining the head
linguofacial and maxillary veins
During the cephalic ("warming-up") phase of digestion, the anticipation, sight, or smell of food activates this cranial nerve to stimulate gastric motility and acid secretion before food enters the stomach
X
Actinomyces bovis and Actinobacillus lignieresii are commensal organisms of the normal bovine oral microbiota that cause opportunistic disease only following this specific predisposing clinical event
penetrating mucosal injury / oral mucosal wound
A 5-year-old male neutered Golden Retriever presents with a large, non-painful, fluctuant swelling in the ventral cervical region. Fine-needle aspiration yields a thick, mucinous, clear-to-honey-colored fluid. Histopathological examination of the excised mass reveals extravasated salivary secretions encapsulated by a wall of granulation tissue and reactive fibroblasts, with a complete absence of an epithelial lining. What is the correct definitive diagnosis
salivary mucocele (sialocele) or pseudocyst
A 4-year-old cat receiving long-term intravenous glucose therapy develops a thick, white-to-yellow pseudomembrane across the dorsal tongue. Cytological evaluation reveals excessive superficial growth of a sugar-loving yeast species
oral thrush (or Candida spp. infection / candidiasis)
Rapid transmucosal absorption of sublingual or buccal buprenorphine solution in cats is primarily facilitated by this specific histological feature of the feline oral mucosa.
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
A 5-year-old gelding suffers a deep intermandibular laceration during a pasture accident. On physical examination, the horse is unable to retract or pull its tongue back into the oral cavity during swallowing. Based on extrinsic tongue muscle actions, damage to this specific muscle responsible for tongue retraction is suspected
hyoglossus muscle (or styloglossus muscle)
To perform a surgical extraction of a fractured tooth 108 in a horse, a veterinarian performs a regional nerve block at the infraorbital foramen. This block desensitizes branches originating from this main cranial nerve division
maxillary nerve (CN V / Trigeminal nerve)
A 6-year-old dog with severe, refractory keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) undergoes a surgical transposition procedure where this salivary duct is rerouted into the conjunctival sac to provide ocular lubrication.
parotid duct
A cat administered an anticholinergic pre-anesthetic agent exhibits dry, tacky oral mucous membranes. This drug-induced inhibition of parasympathetic input leads to this clinical condition
xerostomia (or dry mouth)
A Holstein cow presents with a firm, immovable enlargement of the mandible. Biopsy reveals suppurative and proliferative osteomyelitis with pyogranulomatous abscesses caused by a Gram-positive, anaerobic, branching/filamentous rod that gained entry via coarse feed abrasions
Actinomyces bovis (or Lumpy Jaw)
A 4-year-old dog presents with acute unilateral exophthalmos (proptosis) and severe pain when opening its mouth. Clinical evaluation reveals retrobulbar inflammation caused by foreign body migration (such as a grass awn) into this specific salivary gland
Zygomatic salivary gland
A 5-year-old Maltese dog presents with severe drooling, halitosis, and painful ulcerative mucosal lesions on the inner cheek mucosa located directly opposite teeth covered in heavy dental plaque ("kissing ulcers")
CUPS. chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis
Formed by mucosal folds covering underlying musculature, these bilateral structures mark the caudal boundary (fauces) dividing the oral cavity proper from the pharynx
palatoglossal arches (or palatoglossal folds)
A 4-year-old cat undergoing a neurological evaluation exhibits normal tactile sensation on the caudal one-third of its tongue but complete loss of taste perception (special sense) from the circumvallate (vallate) and foliate papillae in that same region. Dysfunction of this cranial nerve is diagnosed
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
A 6-week-old Quarter Horse foal is presented for a neonatal checkup. Oral examination reveals erupted central (Di1) and intermediate (Di2) deciduous incisors, but the corner (Di3) deciduous incisors are absent. The veterinarian informs the owner that Di3 is expected to erupt at this age milestone
6 months
A dog presents with a ranula on the floor of the mouth. The attending surgeon notes that the duct of the affected mandibular gland opens on top of the sublingual caruncle alongside the single duct draining this caudal gland
Monostomatic portion of the sublinguinal gland
Sympathetic nervous system activation by norepinephrine causes glandular vasoconstriction and stimulates acinar mucous cells, producing a saliva with this physical property
Viscous
Unlike the buccal mucosa, tongue dorsum mucosa, and stimulated saliva where Proteobacteria predominate, this specific oral niche harbors the highest bacterial diversity and is predominantly populated by the phylum Firmicutes
Supragingival plaque
A 3-year-old mixed-breed rescue dog is brought to an emergency clinic with acute behavioral changes, hypersalivation, and progressive ataxia. Which neuroanatomical pathway best describes how the rabies virus gained access to the salivary gland tissue
Axonal transport via parasympathetic (CN VII & IX) and sympathetic (T1–T3) nerves
A neonatal kitten is presented for difficulty nursing and milk regurgitation through the nares. Examination reveals a complete failure of fusion between the lateral palatine processes of the maxilla, establishing an open communication between the oral and nasal cavities
palatoschisis (or cleft palate)