Show:
Equations
CW/PW
Attenuation
Transducers
System
100
Propagation speed/frequency
What is the wavelength equation
100
Name the wave parameter that is determined only by the medium
What is propagation speed
100
Three concepts of attenuation
What is absorption, reflection, and refraction
100
Name the two transducers that are mechanically steered
What is mechanical sector or annular phased array
100
A/D conversion takes place in the _____?
What is the reciever
200
Snell's Law
What is ci/ct = sin(0)i/sin(0)t
200
The four acoustic variables
What is Density, Pressure, Temperature, and Particle Motion
200
What two conditions must not be present to cause refraction of a sound wave?
What is normal incidence and identical media propagation speeds
200
The principle that relates to the hourglass shape of the beam
What is Huygen's Principle
200
A technique to reduce the dynamic range of a signal
What is compression
300
Given a transducer banwidth of 4MHz-20MHZ, calculate the fractional bandwidth and quality factor
What is 1.3 and .77
300
What happens to the duty factor with increasing depth (all other factors remain unchanged)
What is a decrease
300
Name one alternate name for normal incidence
What is orthoganal, perpendicular, right angle, or 90 degrees
300
What is the image shape for linear phased arrays?
What is sector-shaped
300
Determines the initial amplitude, frequency and mode of ultrasound.
What is the pulser
400
Given an element diameter of 1.5 cm and an operating frequency of 4 MHz, state the near zone length
What is 15 cm
400
If all other factors remain unchanged, what happens to the duty factor when the sonographer uses a new transducer with a longer pulse duration?
What is "it increases"
400
What kind of reflector creates a mirror like reflection?
What is specular reflection
400
There is a damaged PZT element in a linear sequential array, what will be seen on the screen?
What is a vertical dropout
400
What imaging mode does not have a Y axis?
What is B-mode
500
What is the equation for operating frequency in a pulsed wave transducer
What is propagation speed (mm/us)/2 x thickness of the crystal (mm)
500
What is spatial pulse length determined by?
What is the source and the medium
500
Medium B has a higher propagation speed then medium A. The beam crosses the interface at 45*, will the refracted angle increase or decrease?
What is increase
500
Internal focusing is achieved with_____?
What is a curved PZT element
500
How many bits are needed to represent 64 shades of gray?
What is 6 bits