Physics & Artifacts
What is the unit used to express an ultrasound wave?
Hz or MHz
What are the 3 leaflets of the aorta?
RCC, NCC, LCC
When does IVCT occur?
The closure of the mitral valve to the opening of the aortic valve.
What is the normal value of the RV free Wall?
1-5 mm
The interaction between ultrasound and lung air that prevents visualization of deep structures is primarily due to what phenomenon?
Attenuation
What valve is the largest in dimension?
Tricuspid Valve
Which cardiac chamber has the highest pressure?
LV
You need to obtain the Apical 2-chamber view. How should you move your transducer?
Rotate counterclockwise approximately 60 degrees.
In the context of ultrasound imaging, what term describes the failure to receive an adequate returning signal, often due to the beam hitting a curved or parallel interface?
Where is the crista terminalis located?
Right atrium
On the ECG the QRS represents the start of what cardiac cycle?
Systole
This is also known as ventricular depolarization
What is the normal Reynolds number?
2000
What does MI and TI stand for?
Mechanical Index & Thermal Index
What are the first vessel(s) that branch off the aorta?
Coronary arteries
What is the difference between preload and afterload?
Preload is the amount of volume in the heart at end diastole, where afterload is the resistance the heart has to push against.
What type of artifact appears as brief flashes of color that overlie anatomic structures and do not correlate with true flow patterns?
Ghosting
The most anterior structure of the heart is the
right ventricle
How would exercise affect cardiac output and why?
It would increase because the patient's heart rate is increased with exercise and cardiac output is SV x HR