DNA Structure
This is the number of strands in a DNA molecule
What is 2?
When a cell is ready to reproduce, DNA condenses into visible, linear bodies that go by this name.
What are chromosomes?
This is used to cut DNA for analysis by gel electrophoresis.
What are restriction enzymes?
These are the 4 letters in the DNA language - each represents a different nitrogenous base
What are A, T, G, and C?
Meiosis results in this many daughter cells.
What is 4?
These are small circular molecules of DNA in bacteria.
What are plasmids?
When the presence of only 1 disease-causing allele in a person will cause the person to express the disease.
What is dominant inheritance?
You use this angular graphical organizer to predict inheritance of some diseases
What is a Punnett square?
These are on the outside of the double helix and they make the nucleotides acidic
What are phosphates?
An exact copy of a chromosome, made during the first step of both mitosis and meiosis, is called this.
What is a sister chromatid?
This is what RFLP stands for.
What is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism?
A change in this position of a codon is LEAST likely to cause a harmful mutation.
What is the 3rd position?
This is what DNA does so that the nitrogen base sequence can be read and copied
What is split in two (down the middle)
In meiosis, the FIRST time a cell divides, these go to each separate cell (unlike in mitosis)
What are homologous chromosomes?
Because restriction enzymes cut at specific sequences, and not everyone has the same sequences in the same places, scientists were able to use this.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
What type of genotype describes both AA and aa.
What are homozygous?
In a recessive disease, a person needs this many copies of the diseased gene in order to express the disease.
What is 2?
The number of DNA nucleotides that specify a single amino acid.
What is three?
All organisms that use meiosis to reproduce need these two things.
What is a mother and a father (or being diploid)?
It's what this type of pedigree is called (the type of disease that this type of pedigree describes) when there are 3 generations, multiple individuals, some affected and some not, but no half-shaded squares or circles.
What is a dominant pedigree?
If a child has sickle cell disease, this is the only genotype that neither of the parents could have.
What is "SS" (homozygous normal)?
A picture of someone's genes, stained and lined up by size, is called this.
What is a karyotype?