Structure of DNA
The components of nucleotides are….
Sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
The structure of DNA was established by two scientists. They were….
James Watson and Francis Crick
Who proposed the Central Dogma?
Francis Crick
On what structure will you find a CODON?
mRNA
What is the name of the enzyme used in PCR?
TAQ Polymerase
What is a gene?
Gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
What was the name of the female scientist who played an integral role in the discovery of the shape of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
What does the Central Dogma explain?
The flow of genetic information, from DNA to RNA, to make a functional product, a protein.
What is the name of amino acid that is coded by the Start Codon?
Methionine
What are the 3 steps of PCR? Name them in order
Denaturatiationon
Annealing
Extension or Elongation
What are proteins made of?
Amino Acids
What are the names of the 5 nitrogenous bases discovered by Albert Kossel?
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded, the sugar in DNA is Deoxyribose and in RNA is Ribose, RNA does not have Thymine
The 3 letter code on the tRNA are complementary to the …….. Situated on the ……………
codon on the mRNA
What is the main principle of Gel electrophoresis?
When electricity is passed, smaller segments of DNA travel faster and farther in the gel than larger segments, thus separating the DNA, RNA and proteins based on size.
How will you explain that DNA is a polymer?
DNA is made up of repeating nucleotide bases made from 4 nitrogenous bases, which are joined together through a sugar phosphate backbone.
What does the Chargaff rule state?
The rule states that in DNA, bases Adenine is approx the same amount as Thymine and bases Guanine is approx. the same amount as Cytosine. This is because of complementary base pairing.
DNA is often compared to the analogy of cooking. What element of cooking does it correspond to?
The cookbook
What is the name of the enzyme that enables the process of Transcription?
RNA Polymerase
Where is TAQ polymerase found naturally? Why is it used in PCR?
TAQ Polymerase is an enzyme that is found bacteria that live in thermal vents and geysers.
It is used in PCR as it is heat resistant and the denaturation step requires temperatures as high as 95^
Organise the following in order from smallest to largest:
Gene, Genome, Nucleotide, Chromosomes
Nucleotide, Gene, Chromosome, Genome
Name the scientist who proposed the triple helix model for DNA structure
Linus Pauling
What is the disposable copy of DNA called?
mRNA
Which strand is used to copy DNA? And why?
The strand which acts as a template is the 3' to 5' strand because the RNA polymerase extends the mRNA strand by adding nucleotides at the 3' end.
DNA is used to tell people apart. What aspect of DNA do you think makes this possible?
Short Repeat Tandems are areas between genes where nucleotide sequences repeat multiple times.