Structure
Replication
Transcription/Translation
Mutations
Proteins
100
What shape is DNA?
Double helix
100
What is the name for the enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA strand?
Helicase
100
The central dogma of life, or the order of transcription and translation is:
DNA, mRNA, tRNA, Amino Acids, Proteins
100
What are the three main types of mutations?
Point mutation/Substitution, Insertion, deletion
100
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino Acids
200
What are the names of the Nitrogenous Bases?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
200
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for creating the complimentary base for DNA?
DNA Polymerase
200
A group of three mRNA Nucleotides that code for an amino acid are called?
Codons
200
What mutation causes a frameshift mutation?
Insertion/Deletion
200
What types of bonds connect Amino Acids
Polypeptide Bonds
300
Which is the leading strand, which is the lagging strand?
Top = Leading
Bottom = Lagging
300
"In the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine."
What is this?
Chargaff's Rule
300
Which strand of codons does the ribosome read to know which amino acids to link together?
mRNA
300
What type of mutation is this?
Original DNA strand:TTACAATAGACGGTAAACT
Mutated DNA STRAND: TTACAATATACGACGGTAAACT
Did it change the resulting protein? How?
Insertion Mutation
Yes
T - Met Leu Ser Ala Ile Stop
T - Met Leu Tyr Ala Ala Ile Stop
300
How many different Amino Acids are there?
20
400
What is this?
Nucleotide
400
The lagging strand builds its complimentary strand of DNA in segments called?
Okizaki Fragments
400
DNA: TAC CGC TCC GCC GTC GAC AAT ACC ACT
mRNA:
tRNA:
AA:
DNA: TAC CGC TCC GCC GTC GAC AAT ACC ACT
mRNA:AUG GCG AGG CGG CAG CUG UUA UGG UGA
tRNA: UAC CGC UCC GCC GUC GAC AAU ACC ACU
AA: Met Ala Arg Arg Gln Leu Leu Trp Stop
400
Scientists were examining the maize genome. They had two specimens: one control and one specimen that had undergone mutagenesis. They saw that the mutant specimen underwent a knockout caused by a nucleotide switch in the DNA. However, when they compared gene sequences, they saw no change in size. Which type of mutation had most likely occurred?
Silent Mutation
400
What macromolecule is spider silk made out of?
Proteins
500
Label the diagram
Top to bottom
Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous Base, Phosphate Group, Covalent Bond, Hydrogen Bond
500
Label the diagram
T --> B
DNA Ligase, 3, 5, Okizaki Fragment, Lagging Strand, Leading strand, DNA polymerase, Helicase
500
Where does each step of Transcription and Translation take place in the cell?
Transcription: Nucleus
Translation: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
500
Figure out the Amino Acid sequence for each strand.
TTACAATAGACGGTAAACT
TTACAACAGACGGTAAACT
Is there a mutation? What is this specific type of mutation called?
Yes, Silent mutation
500
What is the following structure representing?
A protein