DNA Structure
Nucleic Acid
When is DNA replicated in the cell cycle?
S phase of Interphase
What is one similarity between DNA and RNA?
Nucleic Acids
Made up of nucleotides
Bases A,C,G
Transcription is the process of _______ being copied into _________.
DNA, RNA
Translation is the process of converting ______ into _____.
RNA, Protein
What are the monomers that make up the macromolecule (nucleic acid)?
Nucleotides
Which enzyme "unzips" the DNA and splits it into two separate strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between them?
DNA Helicase
How many strands make up DNA?
How many strands make up RNA?
DNA: 2
RNA: 1
What does the 'm' stand for in mRNA?
Messenger
Every 3 bases (codon) codes for a certain _____________, the building block of proteins.
Amino Acid
What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, base
Which enzyme builds the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides?
DNA Polymerase
What is the difference between bases in DNA and RNA?
DNA: T
RNA: U
Both have A,C,G
Nucleus
Where does Translation occur?
Ribosome (in cytoplasm)
What 'force' exists between base pairs to hold the two DNA strands together?
Hydrogen Bonds
What is it called when the wrong base is added the new DNA strand?
Mutation
Which one (DNA or RNA) can leave the nucleus?
RNA
Transcribe this strand of DNA.
AGTCGTAAGCTC
UCAGCAUUCGAG
Translate this strand of RNA.
UCAGCAUUCGAG
Ser - Ala - Phe - Glu
If 35% of the DNA was Adenine (A), what percent is Guanine (G)?
15%
What do we call the strand that is built in the opposite direction and formed by Okazaki fragments?
Lagging Strand
Which sugar is used in DNA?
Deoxyribose
(RNA = ribose)
What is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand?
RNA polymerase
Who "helps" the ribosome translate the mRNA into protein by matching its anticodon and bringing in the correct amino acid to add to the growing polypeptide?
tRNA