Structure of DNA
What is the shape of DNA?
Double-Helix
Which enzyme proofreads DNA Replication?
DNA Polymerase
Where does Translation take place?
In the Cytoplasm
True or False:
Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
True
A sequence of 3 bases that "code" for a specific amino acid
Codon
What 3 structures make up a nucleotide?
Nitrogenous Base, Phosphate Group, Deoxyribose (Sugar)
Why is DNA Replication called "semiconservative"?
Each new DNA molecule has one of the two original strands and one new strand
How many different Amino Acids are there?
20
What type of mutation affects only one nucleotide?
Point Mutations (Substitution)
The sequence of bases found on a tRNA molecule that complements the mRNA molecule.
Anticodon
What is the orientation of the structure of DNA?
Anti-parallel
In what direction does DNA Replication run?
5' -> 3'
What molecule carries the code for proteins to the ribosome?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is a mutagen?
Factors in the environment that cause mutations
What are the 2 types of Mutations?
Gene & Chromosome Mutations
Single Strand, Different Sugar (Ribose), Uracil replaces Thymine
What phase does DNA Replication occur in?
S Phase
A non-coding sequence of DNA that is discarded
Intron
Chromosomal mutations generally arise during what?
Cell Division
What are the 3 steps to Translation, in order?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Which of the following Nitrogenous Bases are Pyrimidines, and which are Purines?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
Adenine & Guanine = Purines
Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil = Pyrimidines
What enzyme makes Telomeres?
Telomerase
What helps ensure that the codon sequence is translated accurately into the correct amino acid sequence?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
What is the region called that indicates RNA Polymerase where to begin copying?
Promoter Region