DNA
What are the building blocks of DNA?
nucleotides
What enzyme unzips DNA?
What type of RNA carries a copy of DNA’s genetic instructions to the cytoplasm?
mRNA
A 3-base sequence that codes for one amino acid
codon
This type of mutation drastically changes an amino acid sequence
frameshift mutation
What molecules make up the backbone of DNA?
sugar and phosphate
What happens during the first step of DNA replication?
DNA is unzipped (the two strands are separated by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases).
What is the function of tRNA?
transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation
What happens during transcription AND where does it take place?
DNA is copied into mRNA; happens in the nucleus
The amino acid, AUG, is often referred to as this
Start codon
What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases together?
Nitrogen Bases - Hydrogen (weak)
What happens during the second step of DNA replication?
Each original strand is used as a template to build a new strand.
DAILY DOUBLE
What does deoxyribose have that is different than ribose?
mRNA is used to make a polypeptide (long chain of amino acids); happens on the ribosome in the cytoplasm
Translate the following mRNA strand into a chain of amino acids (a polypeptide)
AUG - CCG - UAG
Met - Pro - Stop
The nitrogen bases pair together in a specific way. How do they pair together in DNA?
A-T and G-C
DNA replication is semi-conservative. What does this mean?
Each new DNA molecule is made of one old strand one new strand.
Name 3 ways that RNA differs from DNA.
RNA is single-stranded; made with ribose sugar; has the base Uracil
What amino acid sequence would be translated from the following mRNA strand: GUACGCAUACCCUGG
VAL-ARG-ILE-PRO-TRP
Translate the following mRNA into a chain of amino acids (a polypeptide)
UCG - AUG - GCU - AGC
Ser - Met - Ala - Ser
What are the subunits of a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
For what purpose would DNA need to be replicated?
Before cell division
What would be the sequence of the mRNA strand transcribed from the following DNA sequence: TACCATGAGTAGTA
AUG-GUA-CUC-AUC-AUA
A 3-base sequence that is complementary to one of mRNA
anticodon
This type of mutation causes change in one or a few nucleotides in a gene
point mutation