DNA structure
What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and guanine
What enzyme unzips DNA?
Helicase
What is a change in DNA called?
Mutation
What type of RNA carries amino acids?
tRNA
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What process makes an identical copy of DNA?
DNA replication
What mutation changes one base into another?
Substitution
What process makes RNA from DNA?
Transcription
What structure contains coiled DNA?
Chromosome
What shape is DNA known for?
Double helix
What enzyme adds new nucleotides during replication?
DNA polymerase
What mutation inserts extra bases into DNA?
Insertion
What process builds proteins from mRNA?
Translation
What are sections of DNA that code for traits called?
Answer: Genes
Which bases pair together in DNA?
A with T, C with G
Why is replication called "semi-conservative"?
Each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand
What mutation removes bases from DNA?
Deletion
Where does transcription happen in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What organelle contains its own DNA besides the
nucleus?
Mitochondria
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen bases
Why is accurate replication important?
To prevent mutations and keep genetic information
correct
What type of mutation shifts the reading frame? Answer: Frameshift mutation
Frameshift mutation
What organelle makes proteins?
Ribosome
What is the complete set of DNA in an organism called?
Genome