Organisation of Genetic Information
The molecule that stores genetic information is __________.
DNA
The shape of a DNA molecule is called a __________.
Double helix
The process of copying DNA is called DNA __________.
Replication
The two stages of protein synthesis are __________ and __________.
Transcription; translation
Humans reproduce __________.
Sexually
All the genetic information in an organism is called its __________.
Genome
A DNA nucleotide contains a __________ sugar, a __________ group and a nitrogenous __________.
Deoxyribose; phosphate; base
The enzyme that separates the two DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds is __________.
Helicase
Transcription occurs in the __________, while translation occurs at a __________.
Nucleus; ribosome
The male human gamete is the __________ and the female human gamete is the __________.
Sperm; egg
A section of DNA containing instructions for a particular product is a __________.
Gene
Complete the complementary DNA strand:
A – T – G – C – C – A
__ – __ – __ – __ – __ – __
T – A – C – G – G – T
The enzyme that adds complementary DNA nucleotides to a growing strand is __________.
DNA polymerase
Complete the complementary mRNA sequence made from this DNA template:
TAC – GGA – CTT
___ – ___ – ___
AUG – CCU – GAA
The joining of a sperm and egg is called __________. The cell produced is called a __________.
Fertilisation; zygote
Human body cells normally contain __________ chromosomes, arranged into __________ pairs.
46 chromosomes; 23 pairs
A–T pairs are held together by __________ hydrogen bonds, while G–C pairs are held together by __________ hydrogen bonds.
Two; three
Each replicated DNA molecule contains one __________ strand and one __________ strand. This is called __________ replication.
Original; new; semi-conservative
A three-base __________ on mRNA pairs with an __________ on tRNA. Each tRNA carries one __________.
Codon; anticodon; amino acid
A human offspring receives genetic information from __________ parents and is genetically __________ from both parents.
Two; different
The __________ is all the genetic information in an organism. It is made of __________, which is packaged into __________. Sections of DNA are called __________.
Genome; DNA; chromosomes; genes
The two DNA strands run in opposite directions. One runs from __________ to __________, while the other runs from __________ to __________. This arrangement is called __________.
5′; 3′; 3′; 5′; antiparallel
The __________ strand is made continuously. The __________ strand is made in __________ fragments, which are joined by DNA __________.
Leading; lagging; Okazaki; ligase
During transcription, __________ polymerase produces __________. During translation, a __________ reads its codons while __________ delivers amino acids, which are joined to form a __________.
RNA; mRNA; ribosome; tRNA; protein
A human sperm and egg each contain __________ chromosomes. After fertilisation, the zygote contains __________ chromosomes.
23; 46