DNA Structure
The genetic material in cells that is contained in a molecule
What is Deoxyribonucleic (DNA)?
Made of a pair of bases, each attached to one of the sugars in the backbone
What are the rungs of the ladder made of?
The process where the cell is able to make copies of DNA molecules
What is replication?
When a cell needs a set of instructions for making a protein, it first makes an RNA copy of the necessary section of DNA
What is transcription?
The process of selecting and breeding organisms that have certain desired traits
What is artificial selection?
Contains information needed for the cell's growth and other activities
What does the genetic material of a cell contain?
A base, a sugar, and a phosphate group that make a building block of DNA
What is a nucleotide?
Changes in the number, type, or order of bases on a piece of DNA
What are mutations?
involves DNA and mRNA
What does transcription involve?
Can be successful as long as the desirable traits are controlled by genes
How can artificial be successful?
A set of rules and symbols used to carry information
What is a code?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
What are the four different bases in DNA?
A separate molecule where some of the information in the DNA is copied
What is Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)?
Cell organelle made of ribosome RNA (rRNA) and protein
What is a ribosome?
The process in which a piece of DNA is modified for use in research, medicine, agriculture, or industry
What is genetic engineering?
A twisted ladder shape called a double helix
What is the structure of DNA?
Because of differences in size and shape
Why is Adenine always paired with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine?
Uracil
What base replaces Thymine in RNA?
The process of making proteins from RNA
What is translation?
The use and application of living things and biological processes
What is biotechnology?
Made of alternating sugars and phosphate groups
What are the two sides of the ladder (DNA backbone) made of?
Segments of DNA that relate to a certain trait
What are genes?
Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, and Transfer RNA
What are the three types of RNA?
Physical or chemical agents that can damage DNA
What are mutagens?
An organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to the one from which it was derived
What is a clone?