DNA
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA?
A, T, C, G
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of mRNA?
A, U, G, C
Where is DNA found in the cell?
Nucleus
Where does the cell spend 90% of its life?
Interphase
What structure guides chromosomes to the middle of the cell?
Spindle fibers.
What is the shape of DNA called?
Double Helix
Write the mRNA for the following DNA strand:
ACT GGC AAT
UGA CCG UUA
How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46
What is cytokinesis and when does it happen?
Last phase: splitting of cells cytoplasm and organelles to from 2 identical cells.
During which phase does the nuclear membrane break down?
Prophase
How does lots of DNA fit into small cells? (Looking for a very specific word).
Condensed into chromatin. Further condensed into chromosomes when ready to reproduce.
What are the codons for the following mRNA strand:
AAU UAC CCG
Asn, Tyr, Pro
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual-> One parent. Offspring is genetically identical to parent.
Sexual -> Two parents, half from each. Offspring is genetically unique.
What are the 3 phases of interphase?
G1, S, and G2.
During which phase are sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell?
Anaphase.
How many chromosome pairs do human cells have?
23
What do the codons 'code' for?
Amino acids, which make up proteins.
True or False: Mitosis occurs in egg/sperm production.
False.
What are the 4 phases of mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens during metaphase?
What does DNA stand for (must be pronounced correctly)?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the purpose of "STOP" codons?
To indicate the start/end of a new protein.
What is binary fission and how does it work?
Why is it bad for cells to always be in mitosis?
Uncontrolled cell growth leads to cancer.
What happens during telophase (2 things)?
2. Cytoplasm and organelles begin to split.