DNA
RNA
DNA Replication
Cell cycle
Cumulative Review!
100
The function of DNA
To store genetic information
100
RNA is an example of which biomolecule
Nucleic acid
100
The enzyme that "unzips" the DNA (breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases)
Helicase
100
What are the two main purposes of the cell cycle?
Growth and repair
100
Name two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells whereas eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells don't.
Prokaryotic organisms are unicellular (like bacteria) whereas eukaryotic organisms are mostly multicellular (like plants and animals)
200
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
200
RNA stands for
Ribonucleic acid
200
The enzymes that place primers on the original strands of DNA are called __________. The enzyme that binds to these primers to start building the new strand is called ______________.
Primase, DNA Polymerase
200
Put the following phases of the cell cycle in order: Prophase, Anaphase, Cytokinesis, Interphase, Telophase, Metaphase
IPMATC
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
200
Viruses are considered nonliving because...
They rely on other living organisms (host) for reproduction.
300
Which two components can be found in a DNA nucleotide and not in an RNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose Sugar and Thymine
300
Which two components can be found in an RNA nucleotide and not in a DNA nucleotide?
Ribose sugar and Uracil
300
The lagging strand is created in shorter fragments. These fragments are called
Okazaki fragments
300
The cell cycle consists of 2 main stages. Name the stages and provide a brief description of what happens during that time.
Interphase- cell grows and DNA replicates
M phase (Mitosis/Cytokinesis)- Cell division
300
Which two body systems work together to help your cells receive oxygen AND what is that oxygen mainly used for?
Respiratory (breathe in oxygen) and circulatory (oxygen carried to cells via bloodstream) systems
Oxygen will mainly be used for cellular respiration to make ATP for cells!
400
Adenine pairs with _______ and Cytosine pairs with _______. The bonds that hold these nitrogenous bases together are called ________ bonds, which are weak/strong (choose one) bonds.
Thymine, Guanine, Hydrogen, Weak
400
Other than the sugar and the one special nitrogenous base, how is RNA different from DNA?
RNA is single-stranded whereas DNA is double stranded.
RNA can leave the nucleus whereas DNA cannot
400
DNA replication is a semiconservative process, meaning...
Half of each new DNA molecule is from the original DNA molecule.
400
Explain what is happening inside a cell during Anaphase.
Spindle fibers start pulling identical sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.
400
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
H2O + CO2 --(sun)--> C6H12O6 + O2
500
DNA is antiparallel. What does this mean?
The orientation of the two strands are opposite of each other.
5`ATC GCG CGG 3'
3' TAG CGC GCC 5`
500
What is RNA's function? (We have not talked about this yet and it won't be on your quiz next class!)
To carry DNA's message out of the nucleus and help with making proteins
500
During DNA replication, one of the strands being built by DNA polymerase is called the "lagging" strand because...
It is built discontinuously (dure to the fact that DNA is antiparallel and DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand being built)
500
Which phase of mitosis are the cells below undergoing and how do you know?
Telophase- chromosomes completely pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Cytoplasm beginning to split.
500
Name the four biomolecules AND their monomers :)
Carbohydrates- monosaccharides
Lipids- no true monomers
Proteins- amino acids
Nucleic acids- nucleotides