Designer Genes
What are the sequences of nitrogenous bases on DNA that code for traits through protein synthesis called?
genes
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What do we call the study of heredity (the passing of traits from parents to offspring)?
genetics
What is the pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are fully expressed?
codominance
What are the different forms of genes called?
alleles
What are the four nitrogenous bases?
cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype describes the set of alleles, phenotype describes the physical characteristic expressed.
(e.g. Yy --> yellow seeds)
What is the pattern of inheritance in which a heterozygote shows a phenotype between a dominant phenotype and recessive phenotype? (a mixture)
incomplete dominance
What do we call pairs of chromosomes that contain the same sequence of genes?
homologous chromosomes
What kind of bond holds nitrogenous bases together?
hydrogen bonds
Explain the difference between homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous.
Homozygous dominant - two dominant alleles
homozygous recessive - two recessive alleles
heterozygous - one dominant allele and one recessive allele
When a rooster with grey feathers is mated with a hen with grey feathers, 20 of their offspring have grey feathers, 11 have black feathers, and 9 have white feathers. What pattern of inheritance is described?
incomplete dominance
What are the three types of biodiversity?
genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity
How is the structure of DNA related to its function? (e.g. replicating, storing genetic information, making proteins)
Sample: DNA is made up of sequences of nitrogenous bases that make up an organism's genetic code.
DNA is double-stranded, and each strand acts as a template to copy during replication.
The genes on DNA are copied into RNA, which is later translated to make proteins.
What is the probability that a man with Type AB blood and a woman with Type O blood will have a child with Type B blood?
There is a 50% probability
Suppose that two siblings both have attached earlobes, and their parents have unattached earlobes. Unattached earlobes are represented as E, and attached earlobes are represented by e. What are the genotypes of the parents?
Mom and dad are both Ee