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Scientists that Contributed to DNA Composition
Replication, Transcription, and Translation
Vocab
DNA and RNA
Other
100
They determined the correct structure of DNA
What is Watson and Crick?
100
When DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the nitrogenous bases and DNA polymerase attaches new bases.
What is DNA replication?
100
Coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins
What is a gene?
100
The 4 bases in DNA
What is adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine?
100
The start codon in protein synthesis
What is AUG
200
How Franklin contributed to finding the structure of DNA
What is x-ray crystallography?
200
The location of translation
What is the ribosomes?
200
This type of RNA carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.
What is mRNA?
200
The makeup of a nucleotide
What is a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base?
200
The stop codons
What are UAA, UAG, UGA?
300
A DNA molecule has the same amount of adenine as thymine and of cytosine as guanine. A=T, C=G
What is Chargaff's rule?
300
The ribosome subunit attaches to the 5' end of the mRNA molecule. The first codon there is always AUG.
What is the first step of translation?
300
Brings the correct DNA nucleotides for replication
What is DNA polymerase?
300
Adenine and Guanine
What are the purine bases?
300
Small pieces of DNA created by backwards movement for short intervals. These are linked together by DNA ligase.
What is an okazaki fragment?
400
Hershey and Chase's contribution to DNA
What is using viruses marked with radioactive DNA or protein capsules to conduct an experiment to confirm that DNA is our genetic material?
400
The enzyme transcription requires
What is RNA polymerase?
400
A codon
What is a particular amino acid that is to be placed on the polypeptide chain?
400
Cytosine and thymine
What are the pyridimine bases?
400
DNA codes for RNA, which guides the synthesis of proteins (Beadle and Tatum)
What is the central dogma of biology?
500
The idea of Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
What is semi-conservative replication?
500
The steps of transcription
1. The DNA molecule is unzipped 2. RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA molecule and bonds the appropriate base to each exposed base on the DNA molecule. 3. Instead of thymine, RNA polymerase bonds uracil to adenine. 4. Transcription ends when the RNA polymerase reaches a sequence of bases called the termination signal.
500
The decoding of mRNA into a protein
What is translation?
500
The differences between DNA and RNA
What are? 1. The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2. RNA is generally single-stranded. 3. RNA contains uracil in place of thymine.
500
The complimentary DNA strand created from the following DNA template... ATG CGG CTA CGT ATT AAC CCG TGT CAG
TAC GCC GAT GCA TAA TTG GGC ACA GTC