Mutations
This type of mutation switches out one base for another and typically does not alter the amino acid.
What is a base substitution mutation?
DNA replication makes these.
What is identical copies of DNA?
This is what tRNA has that binds to mRNA codons.
What is an anticodon?
This is the shape of the red blood cells of a person with sickle cell disease.
What is a sickle shape?
This type of mutation changes the sequence of DNA after an insertion or deletion.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This codon signals the termination of a growing polypeptide
What is a stop codon?
Besides errors in DNA replication this is another non-random event that may cause DNA to mutate.
This disease is caused by a base substitution mutation of the hemoglobin protein
What is Sickle Cell Anemia?
The image shows the result of DNA profiling of a mother, a child and four men. This man is most probably the father of the child.
Who is father C?
This is how DNA is described, as we use the same code for all living things on Earth.
What is the universal code of DNA?
This is added to the DNA during the last stages of creating a DNA fingerprint.
What is a tracking dye?
Examples of these are ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma-rays.
What are radioactive mutagens?
This is a method for amplifying or making copies of DNA
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
This is the process by which genetic information in a gene is used to synthesise a functional polypeptide.
What is gene expression?
These are the 2 structures that ribosomes are composed of.
What is large submit and small subunit?
These types of cells develop into gametes such as sperm or eggs.
What are germ cells?
This type of mutation changes the amino acid creating a different protein sequence.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism
This is the process in PCR where temperature is reduced to 54°C which allows DNA primers to bind to both strands of DNA, next to the sequence to be copied.
What is annealing?
This is the a part of the ribosome that mRNA binds to in order to initiate translation.
What is the small subunit?
This is the correct order of the following protein synthesis steps.
a. Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome.
b. DNA serves as a template for RNA production.
c. Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon.
d. Amino acids are bonded together.
e. RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What is B, E, A, C, D?
These are all cells which are not reproductive cells.
What are somatic cells?