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DNA Structure
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Proteins
100
How is the structure of DNA described?
What is a double helix.
100
What is the end result of DNA replication?
What is two identical DNA strands.
100
What is the end result of transcription?
What is a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA).
100
What three molecules are important in translation?
What is mRNA, tRNA, and amino acids.
100
Why are proteins important?
What is they tell the cell what to do.
200
What does the phrase: "DNA has complementary strands" mean?
What is nitrogenous bases only pair up with certain other nitrogenous bases.
200
What is the enzyme that unwinds the double helix?
What is helicase.
200
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
What is it is the enzyme that pairs RNA bases to the DNA template to form mRNA.
200
What is the function of tRNA?
What is to bring amino acids to mRNA so they can line up correctly.
200
What are proteins composed of?
What is long chains of amino acids.
300
What holds nitrogenous bases together? How many between the specific pairs?
What is hydrogen bonds. Two between Adenine and Thymine. Three between Cytosine and Guanine.
300
What is the name of the enzyme that brings in new complementary base pairs?
What is DNA polymerase.
300
List three differences between DNA and RNA.
What is DNA: double helix, thymine, deoxyribose RNA: single strand, uracil, ribose
300
What is the function of the anticodon, and where is the anticodon located?
What is the anticodon, located on one side of tRNA, is used to match up with the codons on mRNA.
300
Why is the 3-D structure of a protein important and what makes this 3-D structure?
What is the specific 3-D structure of a protein comes from the order of codons on mRNA. The structure is important because that is what allows the protein to successfully do what it is supposed to do.
400
What is the backbone of DNA composed of?
What is a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group.
400
Where does DNA replication occur?
What is in the nucleus.
400
Explain the path of the mRNA strand.
What is it is made in the nucleus, then it travels out of the pores in to nuclear membrane and goes out to the cytoplasm, where it finds a ribosome to attach to.
400
What determines the order of amino acids?
What is the codons on mRNA.
400
What is a mutation?
What is when there are mistakes in the base pairs of mRNA that cause changes to the 3-D structure of the protein that cause it to function incorrectly.
500
What is a nucleotide?
What is a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
500
Write an in-depth description of how DNA replication occurs.
What is within the nucleus, the DNA double helix is unwound by the enzyme, helicase. Then, the enzyme DNA polymerase brings new nitrogenous bases to bond with the bases of the parent strand. The end result is two identical DNA strands from the original parent strand.
500
Write down the process of transcription in as much detail as possible.
What is within the nucleus the DNA double helix is unwound, and RNA polymerase brings in RNA nitrogenous bases to match up with the DNA template strand. The completed mRNA molecule then leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane and travels through the cytoplasm to find a ribosome.
500
Write down, in as much detail as possible, the process of translation.
What is tRNA anticodons match up with mRNA codons on the ribosome. This puts amino acids (attached to the other side of tRNA) in order and they combine together to make a long chain of amino acids - a protein.
500
What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?
What is a point mutation is something wrong with one nitrogenous base, a frameshift mutation is when nitrogenous bases are added or missing to the mRNA code.