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DNA Structure and Function
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
100
Draw the structure of a nucleotide.
Phosphate- bonded to sugar- bonded to base.
100
This is the term given to the replication process that recognizes the fact that each new DNA molecule has a parental strand and new strand of DNA nucleotides.
What is semiconservative replication?
100
Transcription takes place here.
What is the nucleus?
100
Translation takes place here.
What is at the ribosome?
100
A DNA segment is changed from CGCGCGA to CGCGCA. This is called a _____________.
What is a mutation? (Deletion)
200
This group of nitrogenous bases have a chemical structure with two rings. Examples include adenine and guanine.
What are pyrimidines?
200
This enzyme is responsible for adding free DNA nucleotides to the new strands of DNA in the 5' - 3' direction.
What is DNA polymerase?
200
This is synthesized during transcription.
What is a mRNA strand?
200
This is synthesized during translation.
What is a protein?
200
A mutation is most dangerous when it changes this.
What is the amino acid sequence (and thus the protein) being built?
300
This is the term describing the orientation of the DNA molecule, where 5' end of one strand is across from 3' end of the other strand.
What is antiparallel?
300
These are small pieces of DNA that need to be sealed together due to the discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
300
This is the term used to describe a group of 3 bases in an mRNA strand that will code for an amino acid.
What is a codon?
300
This 3 letter code is not used to code for the amino acids, but it is used to help recognize the correct placement of amino acids in the growing protein.
What is the anticodon (on tRNA molecule)?
300
A mutation changes DNA to change from AGT to ATT. This type of mutation would be classified as --- (HINT- consider the changes made to the protein as a result of this mutation)...
What is a nonsense mutation (since it codes for a stop codon instead of an amino acid)?
400
This material was used in the DNA Extraction lab took advantage of the solubility of DNA in different substances to make the DNA visible at the boundary layer.
What is ethanol?
400
This is the strand of DNA that is being replicated continuously in the 5'-3' direction towards the replication fork.
What is the leading strand?
400
The template strand of DNA used for transcription has the code 5' - AGCGTACCA-3'. This is the code expected for the resulting mRNA strand... in the 5'-3' direction.
What is 5'-UGGUACGCU-3'?
400
The ribosome stops the translation process when it reaches this.
What is a stop codon?
400
This is the term used to describe how the information encoded in DNA is expressed through proteins (DNA --> RNA--> protein).
What is the central dogma of biology?
500
This is the term for the complex created when DNA wraps itself around histone proteins to condense into chromosomes.
What is a nucleosome?
500
The order of nucleotides on a DNA template strand is 5'-AAGCGTAG-3'. The order of nucleotides on the leading strand of DNA is 5'-TACG-3'. This is the next nucleotide that will be added.
What is Cytosine (C)?
500
These are the parts of the DNA sequence that do not code for any part of the protein and are excised out of the mRNA strand prior to the mRNA leaving the nucleus.
What are introns?
500
These are the three types of RNA. Give a description of each of their functions within protein synthesis.
rRNA - ribosomal RNA - make up ribosome tRNA - transfer RNA - bring amino acids to the ribosome to be incorporated into the growing protein mRNA - messenger RNA - take the information in DNA, transcribe it to direct protein synthesis.
500
This type of mutation is usually very bad for the cell because it changes the sequence of amino acids from the point of the mutation on due to an addition or deletion of a base.
What is a frameshift mutation?