DNA
RNA
Scientists
Genetic Code
Mutations
100

Is DNA single or double stranded?

Double stranded

100

Is RNA single or double stranded?

Single stranded
100

Who used X-ray diffraction to study DNA?

Rosalind Franklin

100

How many bases make up a codon reading?

3

100

Yes or no....does a mutation always change the codon?

No, some amino acids have multiple codons that encode for them

200

What is the main job of DNA?

store genetic information

200

What is the sugar found in RNA?

ribose

200

What is Chargraff's rule?

A = T

C = G

200

How do you read a codon chart?

Start in the middle of the circle and move outward

200

What is a mutagen?

chemical or physical agent in the environment

300

In which direction do the two strands of DNA run?

Opposite directions

300

What nucleotide does RNA have that DNA does not?  What does it bind to?

Uracil - binds to adenine

300

Who discovered that DNA had the shape of a double helix?

Watson and Crick

300

Which codon serves as the "start" codon for protein synthesis?

AUG or Methionine

300

What type of mutation is present below?

1st sequence - CCGGTAGCTAC

2nd sequence - CCGGTAGTACG

Deletion

400

What binds the nitrogenous bases together in DNA?

Hydrogen bonds

400

What are the three main types of RNA

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

400

What was Frederick Griffith's main discovery with his mice/pneumonia experiment?

Transformation = a transforming material passed from the deadly S bacteria to live R bacteria, making it deadly

400

What directs the translation process?

transcribed mRNA

400

What are the 3 types of substitution-point mutations?

silent, missense, and nonsense
500
Explain the role of DNA polymerase

Principal enzyme involved in DNA replication.  It "proofreads" each new strand of DNA

500

During RNA synthesis, which part of the strand is being removed before the following pieces are spliced together?

Introns

500

Why did Hershey and Chase use the isotopes phosphorus-32 and sulfur-35 for their experiment?

Because proteins contain almost no phosphorus and DNA contains almost no sulfur.  Therefore, these isotopes served as markers to tell which molecules entered the bacteria

500

What are the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?

mRNA = carries instructions for polypeptide synthesis from nucleus to ribosomes

tRNA = carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message

rRNA = forms an important part of both subunits of the ribosome

500
What types of mutations are chromosomal mutations?

deletion, duplication, insertion, translocation